PHIVERSITY  OF   CALIFORNIA   PUBLICATIONS 

COLLEGE  OF  AGRICULTURE 

AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIMENT  STATION 

BERKELEY,  CALIFORNIA 


CALIFORNIA  STATE  DAIRY  COW 
COMPETITION 

1916-18 


BY 
F.  W.  WOLL 


Apparatus  Used  by  Supervisors  of  Dairy  Tests. 


BULLETIN  No.  301 

November,  1918 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  PRESS 

BERKELEY 

1918 


Benjamin  Ide  Wheeler,  President  of  the  University. 

EXPERIMENT  STATION  STAFF 

HEADS    OF   DIVISIONS 

Thomas  Forsyth  Hunt,  Director. 

Edward  J.  Wickson,  Horticulture  (Emeritus). 

Herbert  J.  Webber,  Director  Citrus  Experiment  Station;   Plant  Breeding. 

Hubert  E.  Van  Norman,  Vice-Director;  Dairy  Management. 

William  A.  Setchell,  Botany. 

Myer  E.  Jaffa,  Nutrition. 

Charles  W.  Woodworth,  Entomology. 

Ralph  E.  Smith,  Plant  Pathology. 

J.  Eliot  Coit,  Citriculture. 

John  W.  Gilmore,  Agronomy. 

Charles  F.  Shaw,  Soil  Technology. 

John  W.  Gregg,  Landscape  Gardening  and  Floriculture. 

Frederic  T.  Bioletti,  Viticulture  and  Enology. 

Warren  T.  Clarke,  Agricultural  Extension. 

John  S.  Burd,  Agricultural  Chemistry. 

Charles  B.  Lipman,  Soil  Chemistry  and  Bacteriology. 
t  Clarence  M.  Haring,  Veterinary  Science  and  Bacteriology. 

Ernest  B.  Babcock,  Genetics. 

Gordon  H.  True,  Animal  Husbandry. 

James  T.  Barrett,  Plant  Pathology. 

Fritz  W.  Woll,  Animal  Nutrition. 

Walter  Mulford,  Forestry. 

W.  P.  Kelley,  Agricultural  Chemistry. 

H.  J.  Quayle,  Entomology. 

J.  B.  Davidson,  Agricultural  Engineering. 

Elwood  Mead,  Rural  Institutions. 

H.  S.  Reed,  Plant  Physiology. 

James  C.  Whitten,  Pomology. 
fFRANK  Adams,  Irrigation  Investigations. 

C.  L.  Roadhouse,  Dairy  Industry. 

Frederick  L.  Griffin,  Agricultural  Education. 

John  E.  Dougherty,  Poultry  Husbandry. 

S.  S.  Rogers,  Olericulture. 

R.  S.  Vaile,  Orchard  Management. 

J.  G.  Moodey,  Assistant  to  the  Director. 

Mrs.  D.  L.  Bunnell,  Librarian. 

DIVISION  OF  ANIMAL  HUSBANDRY 

Gordon  H.  True  R.  F.  Miller 

F.  W.  Woll  }E.  C.  Voorhies 

J.  I.  Thompson  Cora  J.  Hill 
tC.  V.  Castle 


t  In  military  service. 

f  In  co-operation  with  office  of  Public  Roads  and  Rural  Engineering,  U.   S. 
Department  of  Agriculture. 


KK» 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    DAIRY   COW 
COMPETITION,  1916-18 

By  F.  W.  WOLL 


During  the  past  dozen  years,  production  tests  of  pure-bred  dairy 
cows  have  been  conducted  as  a  regular  routine  by  the  Animal 
Husbandry  Division  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  California,  in  cooperation  with  the  various  dairy  breed 
associations.  Similar  tests  are  conducted  by  the  agricultural  colleges 
or  experiment  stations  in  other  states  and  form  the  basis  for  the 
Advanced-Registry  system  of  American  dairy  breed  associations. 
The  importance  of  these  tests  to  the  breeders  directly  concerned  and 
to  our  dairy  industry  in  general  can  hardly  be  overestimated;  they 
make  progress  possible  in  breeding  dairy  cattle  and  determine  largely 
the  value  of  both  the  cows  tested  and  their  near  relatives.  It  is  incon- 
ceivable that  cows  producing  over  1000  pounds  of  butter  fat  in  a  year 
or  over  40  pounds  in  seven  days  would  have  been  developed  but 
for  the  stimulus  furnished  by  the  Advanced  Registry  tests,  and  the 
definite  knowledge  of  the  capacity  of  cows  for  dairy  production  that 
they  have  supplied. 

These  tests  have  had  a  profound  influence  also  on  the  breeding 
and  production  of  grade  cows  and  for  the  advancement  of  the  dairy 
industry,  through  the  placing  of  pure-bred  bulls  from  females  of 
proved  capacity  for  a  large  dairy  production  at  the  head  of  grade 
or  common  dairy  herds.  Nevertheless,  this  system  of  testing  has  so 
far  been  of  interest  mainly  to  breeders  of  pure-bred  cattle.  Appre- 
ciating the  importance  of  production  tests  to  the  general  dairy  farmer, 
and  desiring  to  bring  home  to  many  farmers  their  value  in  the  man- 
agement of  all  dairy  herds,  the  California  Agricultural  Experiment 
Station  arranged  in  the  fall  of  1915  for  the  conduct  of  a  dairy  cow 
competition  for  California  farmers.  The  plan  of  conducting  the 
competition  gradually  took  form  during  the  following  winter,  and 
after  conferences  with  breeders  of  dairy  cattle  and  others  interested, 
it  was  decided  to  have  it  commence  on  November  1,  1916,  and  con- 
tinue until  the  end  of  February,  1918.  The  competition  was  accord- 
ingly conducted  between  the  dates  stated;  the  results  have  now  been 
verified  and  compiled,  and  as  complete  an  account  of  the  same  as 
\  practicable  is  presented  in  this  bulletin. 


156  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 

Rules  Governing  the  Competition. — The  competition  was  conducted 
as  a  part  of  the  regular  work  of  the  Advanced-Registery  testing  done 
by  this  experiment  station,  and  the  main  rules  governing  these  tests 
were  adopted  for  the  conduct  of  the  competition  as  well.  These  rules 
and  the  general  plan  of  conducting  the  competition  are  given  in 
Circular  No.  153  of  the  California  Agricultural  Experiment  Station, 
to  which  reference  is  here  made.1 

The  record  period  decided  upon  for  cows  in  the  competition  was 
ten  months,  which  is  the  average  normal  lactation  period  of  dairy 
cows.  The  reasons  for  adopting  this  period,  instead  of  one  for  a  full 
year,  are  stated  in  the  circular  cited  above.  Later  developments  in 
connection  with  Advanced-Registry  tests  of  different  breed  associa- 
tions have  further  emphasized  the  wisdom  of  a  ten-month  record 
period.  The  production  by  the  cows  for  each  month  was  determined  on 
the  basis  of  tests  of  one  or  two  days'  duration  (one  day  for  grade 
or  common  cows,  two  days  for  pure-breds,  in  accordance  with  the 
rules  of  the  various  breed  associations),  and  the  milk  records  fur- 
nished by  the  owners,  which  were  checked  up  in  various  ways.  The 
accumulated  credits  for  ten  consecutive  months  make  the  records  of 
production  of  milk  and  butter  fat  for  the  cows  in  the  competition. 

Prizes  Offered. — In  order  to  make  the  competition  of  special  inter- 
est to  dairy  farmers,  numerous  prizes  for  high  records  of  production 
were  provided.  This  was  made  possible  through  the  liberality  of 
breeders  and  others  interested  in  the  advancement  of  California  dairy- 
ing, who  subscribed  to  a  large  prize  fund  or  donated  cash  prizes  or 
special  prizes  of  pure-bred  bull  calves,  cream  separators,  feed,  milking 
machines,  trophies,  etc.  The  value  of  all  prizes  offered  aggregated 
over  $7500. 

List  of  Contributors. — The  following  list  gives  the  names  of  the 
contributors  to  the  cash  prize  fund  and  of  special  prizes : 

(A)  Cash  Prize  Fund. — Alexander  and  Kellogg,  Suisun;  Mrs.  Anita  M.  Bald- 
win, Santa  Anita;  Balfour,  Guthrie  &  Co.,  San  Francisco;  "Calf -Way"  Milker  Co., 
San  Francisco ;  California  Central  Creameries,  San  Francisco ;  De  Laval  Separator 
Co.,  New  York  City,  New  York;  W.  H.  Dupee,  Santee;  J.  S.  Gibson  Co.,  Williams; 
F.  M.  Helm,  Fresno;  Miss  M.  M.  Holdridge,  Modesto;  Larrowe  Milling  Co.,  Los 
Angeles;  Millbrae  Dairy,  Millbrae;  A.  W.  Morris  &  Sons  Corp.,  Woodland;  B.  E. 
Nixon,  Yountville;  Pacific  Dairy  Eeview,  San  Francisco;  Palo  Alto  Stock  Farm, 
Palo  Alto;  Sacramento  Clearing  House,  Sacramento;  Somers  &  Co.,  San  Fran- 
cisco; Sperry  Flour  Co.,  Stockton;  State  Holstein  Breeders'  Association,  Chino; 
State  Jersey  Breeders'  Association,  Stockton;  F.  Stenzel,  San  Lorenzo;  Western 
Creameries  Co.,  San  Francisco;  G.  W.  Wilder,  Eedlands. 


i  Announcement    of    the    California    State    Dairy    Cow    Competition,    1916-18, 
by  F.  W.  Woll?  July,  1916,  8  pp. 


CALIFORNIA    STATE    DAIRY    COW    COMPETITION  157 

(B)  Special  Prizes.— Pure-bred  bull  calves:  K.  W.  Abbott,  Milpitas;  J.  W. 
Clise,  Seattle,  Washington;  Dr.  J.  W.  Henderson,  Berkeley;  A.  B.  Humphrey, 
Mayhews;  N.  B.  Locke  Co.,  Lockeford;  C.  G.  McFarland,  Tulare;  E.  B.  McFar- 
land,  San  Mateo;    W.  H.  Saylor,   San  Francisco. 

Feed:  Larrowe  Milling  Co.,  Los  Angeles. 

Cream  separators:  Anker-Holth  Mfg.  Co.,  Port  Huron,  Michigan;  Associated 
Mfrs.  Co.,  Waterloo,  Iowa;  Baker,  Hamilton  &  Pacific  Co.,  San  Francisco;  De 
Laval  Dairy  Supply  Co.,  San  Francisco;  Empire  Cream  Separator  Co.,  Bloom- 
field,  New  Jersey;  International  Harvester  Co.,  San  Francisco. 

Milking  machines:  "Calf -Way"  Milker  Co.,  San  Francisco;  Sharpies  Sep- 
arator Co.,  San  Francisco. 


Fig.  1. — Trophies  awarded  in  the  competition.  Upper  row:  Cups  offered  by 
Holstein-Friesian  Association  of  America,  and  by  Scott,  Magner  &  Miller,  San 
Francisco  (center).  Lower  row:  Trophies  offered  by  American  Jersey  Cattle  Club 
(outside),  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club,  and  by  Pacific  Kural  Press  (in  center). 

Trophies  and  medals:  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club,  Peterboro,  New  Hamp- 
shire ;  American  Jersey  Cattle  Club,  New  York  City,  New  York ;  Holstein-Friesian 
Association  of  America,  Brattleboro,  Vermont;  Scott,  Magner  &  Miller,  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

Special  cash  prizes:  Barber  &  Thomson  Co.,  Los  Angeles;  California  Culti- 
vator, Los  Angeles ;  McAlister  &  Sons,  Chino ;  C.  L.  Hughes,  Sacramento ;  Modesto 
Creamery,  Modesto;  Pacific  Kural  Press,  San  Francisco;  the  Country  Life  Depart- 
ment of  the  Sacramento  Bee,  Sacramento. 

In  addition,  two  especially  engraved  gold  medals  were  provided, 
by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  of  the  University  of  California, 
the  cost  of  which  was  defrayed  from  donations  to  the  prize  fund 
received  in  excess  of  the  cash  prizes  originally  decided  upon.  The 
total  number  of  prizes  offered  was  94,  of  which  all  but  three  series  of 
monthly  and  special  prizes  were  awarded  for  ten-month  records.    The 


158  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 

monthly  prizes  were  awarded  during  the  progress  of  the  competition 
for  the  highest  production  of  a  grade  cow,  or  the  highest  average  pro- 
duction of  five  grades  during  each  month.  The  detailed  list  of  prizes 
will  be  found  in  the  appendix  in  connection  with  the  awards. 

As  an  encouragement  for  the  small  dairyman  and  for  owners  of 
grade  or  common  cows,  the  work  of  cow-testing  associations  was  recog- 
nized by  the  award  of  substantial  prizes  for  the  largest  average 
production  of  herds  of  different  sizes.  Records  obtained  in  associa- 
tions for  a  full  year  were  considered  in  the  award  of  these  prizes, 
and  only  a  general  supervision  over  the  production  of  the  herds  was 
exercised  by  the  experiment  station.  All  other  tests  were  conducted 
by  the  regular  supervisors  of  dairy  tests  employed  by  the  station  in 
connection  with  Advanced-Registry  testing,  or  by  testers  in  charge 
of  cow-testing  associations,  under  similar  rules  to  those  governing  the 
Advanced-Registry  tests,  with  the  exception  of  the  duration  of  the 
testing  period,  which  as  a  rule,  was  one  day  only  in  the  case  of  tests 
of  grade  herds. 

Entries  in  the  Competition. — Entries  in  the  competition  were  open 
to  owners  of  all  kinds  of  cows  in  the  state,  pure-breds,  grades,  and 
"common"  cows.  In  view  of  the  large  x^roportion  of  cows  of  the 
latter  kind  in  the  state  (95  per  cent  or  more),  special  efforts  were 
made  to  interest  their  owners,  and  to  secure  a  large  representation 
of  such  cows.  In  this  respect,  we  were  very  successful,  as  will  be 
noted  from  the  tabulation  given  below.  The  competition  opened  on 
May  1,  1916,  with  73  entries.  Month  by  month  more  cows  were 
entered,  until  by  the  time  the  entries  closed  on  May  1st,  1917,  the 
number  had  reached  817.  Of  this  number,  402  cows  were  in  herds 
belonging  to  cow-testing  associations  entered  in  competition  for  the 
special  prizes  provided  for  such  herds,  while  415  were  entered  in 
competition  for  ten-month,  and  incidentally,  for  monthly  records. 
Table  I  shows  the  entries  in  the  competition  made  by  different  breeders 
and  the  representation  of  the  different  breeds. 

It  will  be  seen  that  of  the  total  number  of  cows  entered,  231  were 
pure-breds  and  586  were  grade  cows.  The  different  breeds  were  rep- 
resented as  follows  in  the  former :  Holsteins,  111 ;  Jerseys,  77 ;  Guern- 
seys, 41 ;  Ayrshires,  2.  The  grades  were  classed  as  follows,  according 
to  breeds :  Holsteins,  193 ;  Jerseys,  306 ;  Guernseys,  23 ;  and  mixed 
breeding  (mainly  Shorthorn  grades),  64.  Considering  both  pure- 
breds  and  grades,  the  various  breeds  were,  therefore,  represented  as 
follows  among  the  cows  entered  in  the  competition :  Jerseys,  383 ; 
Holsteins,  304 ;  Guernseys,  64 ;  and  Ayrshires,  2. 


CALIFORNIA    STATE    DAIRY    COW    COMPETITION  159 

TABLE  I 
Entries  in  the  California  State  Dairy  Cow  Competition 

Total 


Pure-breds  Grades 


Breeder                                   II.        J.         G.        Ay.        T-    H.         G.     Mixed  bred    Grades 

Abbott,  K.   W 4       1        26       ....         2  4         29 

Baldwin,  Anita  M. 17 17 

Beebe,  Floyd 2       ....       12  ....         14 

Bibens,  A.  M 1        1 

Bolmett   Bros 4         118  ....         14 

Bomberger,  J.  M 4       5       4           5 

Christen,  J.  M 1       11       1         11 

Coppini,  J.   W : 10       12       10         12 

Cornwell,  H.  E 6       6 

Dupee,  W.  H 4       4 

Elliott-Brant  Bancho 9       9 

Goodall,  J.  A 1       1 

Grice,  C.  E 3       3 

Gross,  H.   G 8 8 

Guill,  J.  H.,  Jr.* 1       13       1         13 

Guise,  H.  J 1       1 

Henderson,  J.  W. 4 4 

Hewins,  Homer,  Jr 1 ....         .... 1 

Holge,  E.  M 1 1 

Higdon,   W.    J.f 2       ....         5 7 

Hollow-Hill    Farm 4 12       ....  4         12 

Iversen,   Iver 9         2         4       ....  ....         15 

Kell,  F.  J4 2       8       2           8 

Kounias,   S.   G 4       4 

McFarland,  E.  B 1 1 

McFarland,  C.  G 4       4 

McLouth  &  Dado 8 8 

McLouth,   Chas.   M 2       2 

McAlister  &  Sons 5 5 

Mealey,  S.  A 1       1 

Miller,  Guy  H 14 14 

Morris,  A.  W.  &  Sons     28 26 

Napa  State  Hospital.. 22       22 

Pacific    St.    Corp...: 3       3 

Palo  Alto  Stock  Farm      12       ....       10       ....  22 

Rexholme  Farms 1 1 1            1 

So.  Cal.   St.  Hosp 10       10 

Stenzel,  F 15       15 

Trigg,  G.   E 14       1  ....         15 

Univ.   of  Calif 9          8         2          1          1          1  20           2 

Van  Derpoel,  F.  H 6       • 6 

Leland   Stan.   Univ 9       9 

Williams,  S.  F 1        .... 1 

Wulff,  F.   B 1 1 

Total 105       06       41         2         47     112       18       24  214       201 


160 


UNIVERSITY  OF   CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 


Entries  for  Cow-Testing  Association  Prizes 


Breeder  jj 

Ambort,  Aux 

Beebe,  Floyd 1 

Coppini  &  Coppini 

Coppini,  J.   W 

Darnell,  C 

Guill,  J.  H 1 

Hansen  John 

Iversen,   Iver 

Kell,  F.  J 1 

Terkelsen,    W 3 

G.  E.  Trigg 


Pure-bred; 


1 0 


Ay.         jT 


49 
12 

2 

101 

19 

41 

35 


Grades 


H.         G. 
29       . 


10 
19 


4 
17 

2 


Mixed 


13 
11 


Total 


Pure 

bred    Grades 

29 


10 


13 
60 
12 
10 
21 
101 
37 
17 
49 
36 


Total. 


6   11 


259   81 


40 


17   385 


Grand  totals Ill   77   41 


306  193   23   64   231   586 


Note. — H.,  Holsteins;  J.,  Jerseys;  G.,  Guernseys;  Ay.,  Ayrshires. 

*  Grades  later  sold  to  Leonard  Hess,  Tudor,  Cal. 

t  Guernseys  later  sold  to  A.  J.  Welch,  Redwood  City,  Cal. 

t  Grades  later  sold  to  D.  J.  Sullivan  &  Co.,  Stockton,  Cal. 

Most  of  the  herds  competing  for  the  cow-testing  association  prizes 
were  located  in  two  sections;  viz.,  Humboldt  and  Imperial  counties, 
mainly  in  the  former;  only  one  herd  outside  of  these  counties  con- 
tinued to  the  end.  The  herds  entered  for  ten-month  records,  on  the 
other  hand,  were  located  in  twenty-nine  different  counties  scattered 
all  over  the  state,  from  Humboldt  and  Butte  counties  in  the  north 
to  San  Diego  and  Imperial  counties  in  the  south,  and  represented 
greatly  differing  types  of  dairy  farming.  Forty-nine  different  breed- 
ers entered  their  cows  in  the  competition,  but  for  a  variety  of  causes, 
more  or  less  unexpected  at  the  beginning,  the  war,  labor  shortage, 
business  changes,  etc.,  a  number  found  it  necessary  to  withdraw.  Two 
hundred  and  forty-six  cows  owned  by  twenty-nine  different  breeders 
completed  ten-month  records,  viz.,  twenty-one  breeders  of  Jersey, 
Holstein,  Guernsey,  and  Ayrshire  cattle,  and  eight  owners  of  grade 
dairy  herds.  A  number  of  breeders  of  pure-bred  cattle  also  entered 
grade  cows  owned  by  them.  Through  the  cooperation  of  the  cow- 
testing  associations  we  were  furnished  with  yearly  records  for  365 
cows  in  nine  different  herds,  making  608  cows  in  thirty-four  different 
herds  in  all,  whose  records  of  production  have  been  compiled  for 
periods  of  ten  months  or  of  one  year,  and  form  the  basis  upon  which 
the  awards  of  prizes  offered  in  the  competition  are  made. 


Fig.  2. — Grade  Jersey  cows,  owned  by  J.  W.  Coppini,  Ferndale.  Winner  of 
first  herd  prize,  Class  A.  Beauty  1st,  ten-month  record,  589.5  lbs.  butter  fat;  Lady 
Mac,  583.7  lbs.  butter  fat;  Florinda,  568.7  lbs.  butter  fat;  Little  Surprise,  559.2 
lbs.  butter  fat. 


162 


UNIVERSITY  OF   CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 


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CALIFORNIA   STATE    DAIRY    COW    COMPETITION  163 

Records  of  Production. — The  list  of  ten-month  records  obtained 
in  the  competition,  arranged  alphabetically  according  to  the  owners 
of  the  cows,  is  given  in  the  appendix.  Table  II  shows  the  summary 
for  cows  in  each  herd,  the  number  of  complete  records,  breed  of  cows, 
ranges  in  actual  and  credited  production  of  butter  fat,  with  highest 
production  by  cows  not  barred,  likewise  actual  and  credited.  The 
explanation  of  the  two  sets  of  figures  is  as  follows :  Cows  under  five 
years  old  were  given  credit  for  the  increase  of  production  that  would 
normally  come  with  advancing  age  up  to  five  years,  in  accordance  with 
the  average  results  obtained  in  authenticated  yearly  tests  of  pure-bred 
cows  of  different  breeds,  as  follows:  Records  made  by  cows  under 
2y2  years  at  the  beginning  of  the  test  were  increased  by  30%,  those 
for  heifers  2y2  to  3  years  old  by  24%,  for  cows  3  to  3y2  years  old  by 
18%,  3y2  to  4  years  old  by  15%,  4  to  4y2  by  8%,  and  4%  to  5  years 
by  5%. 

Under  the  rules  governing  the  competition,  cows  not  safely  bred 
within  five  months  from  last  calving  were  barred  from  competing  for 
all  prizes  except  those  awarded  for  monthly  records,  and  the  trophies 
offered  by  the  various  breed  associations.  Some  of  the  highest  record 
cows,  as  a  result,  did  not  receive  the  recognition  to  which  they  would 
otherwise  have  been  entitled.  On  the  other  hand,  the  production  of 
cows  which  made  good  records  under  a  regular  system  of  breeding  was 
duly  recognized.  The  aim  of  the  competition  was  to  secure  records 
obtained  under  as  nearly  normal  every-day  conditions  as  possible,  not 
phenomenal  ones  secured  at  the  sacrifice  of  the  future  usefulness  of 
the  cows. 

As  might  be  expected,  a  wide  difference  in  the  production  of  the 
cows  occurred.    This  will  be  readily  seen  from  Table  III,  showing  the 

TABLE  III 

Kanges  in  Production  of  Milk  and  Butter  Fat 


Lbs.  Milk 

No.  of 
records 

In  per 
cent 

Lbs.  butter 
fat 

No.  of 
records 

In  per 
cent 

over  24,000 

1 

.4 

over  900 

1 

.4 

20,000-24,000 

9 

3.7 

800-900 

3 

1.2 

16,000-20,000 

20 

8.1 

700-800 

8 

3.3 

12,000-16,000 

44 

17.9 

600-700 

21 

8.5 

10,000-12,000 

35 

14.2 

500-600 

52 

21.1 

8,000-10,000 

69 

28.1 

400-500 

93 

37.8 

6,000-  8,000 

44 

17.9 

300-400 

39 

15.9 

4,500-  6,000 

20 

8.1 

200-300 

24 

9.8 

under     4,500 

4 

1.6 

under  200 

5 

2.0 

246  100.0  246  100.0 


164  UNIVERSITY  OF   CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 

ranges  in  production  of  milk  and  butter  fat.  The  records  were  sep- 
arated into  groups  of  over  24,000  pounds  to  below  4500  pounds  of 
milk  and  of  over  900  pounds  to  below  200  pounds  of  butter  fat.  The 
lowest  ten-month  milk  record  of  a  single  cow  was  4043.6  pounds  milk 
and  the  highest  24,201.7  pounds,  a  ratio  of  1:6.  The  lowest  pro- 
duction of  butter  fat  was  136.1  pounds  and  the  highest  928.8  pounds 
(ratio,  1:6.8). 

A  study  of  the  records  of  production  obtained  in  the  competition 
will  show  at  once  that  most  of  these  are  remarkably  high;  in  fact, 
it  may  be  safely  said  that  never  in  the  history  of  our  dairy  industry 
have  so  many  high  production  records  been  secured  in  a  breed  contest 
or  a  dairy  competition  of  any  kind.  Nearly  three-fourths  of  the 
records  came  above  8000  pounds  of  milk  and  400  pounds  of  butter 
fat,  and  about  44  and  35  per  cent  came  above  10,000  pounds  of  milk 
and  500  pounds  of  butter  fat,  respectively.  In  twenty-one  out  of 
twenty-nine  competing  herds,  there  was  at  least  one  cow,  in  most  of 
them  there  were  several,  that  produced  over  500  pounds  of  butter 
fat  during  ten  months.  Five  hundred  pounds  of  butter  fat  will  make 
about  580  pounds  of  commercial  butter.2  With  butter  selling  at  50c 
a  pound,  the  annual  product  of  a  500-pound  cow  will  be  worth  $250, 
not  counting  the  value  of  the  calf  and  the  skimmilk.  Contrasting 
this  production  with  that  of  the  average  cow  on  the  dairy  ranches  in 
this  or  other  states,  which  produces  less  than  150  pounds  of  butter 
fat  in  a  year,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  production  of  over  one-third  of 
the  cows  in  the  competition  (34.5  per  cent)  was  worth  over  three  and 
one-third  times  as  much  as  that  of  an  average  dairy  cow ;  if  the  value 
of  the  calves  dropped  be  considered,  the  difference  between  the  returns 
from  the  two  kinds  of  cows  would  be  still  further  increased. 

The  average  production  of  all  cows  for  which  ten-month  records 
were  obtained,  was  as  follows :  10,648  pounds  milk  and  461.15  pounds 
butter  and  is  at  least  three  times  that  of  the  average  dairy  cow  in  the 
state.  The  maximum  production  of  butter  fat  by  a  cow  in  the  compe- 
tition (928.8  pounds,  equivalent  to  nearly  1100  pounds  of  commercial 
butter),  in  the  same  way  is  over  six  and  one-half  times  that  of  the  cows 
commonly  found  in  our  dairy  herds.  Only  one  cow  entered  in  the 
competition,  a  three-year-old  grade  Holstein  heifer,  produced  less 
butter  fat  than  the  average  for  the  state. 

Cows  Barred  from  Competing  for  Prizes. — Sixty  cows  out  of  246 
completing  ten-month  records,  or  24  per  cent,  were  barred  from 
competing  for  prizes   on   account   of  not  being   in   calf  within   five 


2  The  amount   of   butter   a   certain   amount   of  butter   fat   will   make   may   be 
obtained  by  increasing  the  latter  by  one-sixth. 


Fig.  3. — Jersey  cows  owned  by  Guy  H.  Miller,  Modesto;  winner  of  second  herd 
prize,  Class  A.  Goldie  of  Venadera,  243,321,  10-month  record,  515.8  lbs.  butter 
fat;  Lorita  of  Venadera,  218,052,  470.4  lbs.;  Juanita  of  Venadera,  229,071,  448.8 
lbs.;  Lorna  of  Venadera,  196,127,  438.3  lbs. 


166  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 

months  from  freshening.  Of  this  number,  forty-three  were  pure-bred 
cows  and  seventeen  grades  (36  and  13  per  cent,  respectively,  of  the 
total  number).  The  higher  percentage  of  pure-bred  cows  barred  is 
only  what  might  be  expected,  since  many  of  these  cows  were  also 
entered  for  yearly  records  in  their  respective  breed  associations  and 
were  bred  rather  late  in  the  lactation  period  in  order  to  secure  a 
maximum  production  for  the  year.  In  many  cases,  the  heavy  feeding 
practiced  also  doubtless  influenced  the  reproductive  powers  of  the 
cows  and  made  them  uncertain  breeders.  This  is  suggested  by  the 
fact  that  more  of  the  high  than  of  the  low  producing  cows  failed  to 
come  in  calf;  among  the  cows  producing  less  than  500  pounds  of 
butter  fat,  from  4  to  26  per  cent  were  barred  in  different  groups 
(average  20  per  cent),  against  18  to  100  per  cent  for  the  groups  of 
cows  having  an  average  production  of  over  500  pounds  of  butter  fat 
(average  31  per  cent). 

DISCUSSION    OF   RESULTS 

Production  by  Breeds. — The  production  by  cows  of  the  different 
breeds  for  the  record  period  has  been  compiled,  with  results  as  shown 
in  Table  IV.  The  average  amount  of  milk  and  butter  fat,  and  the 
average  fat  content  of  the  milk  produced  by  the  cows  are  given  in 
the  table,  both  for  pure-bred  and  grade  cows  and  for  grades  of  the 
different  breeds. 

TABLE  IV 
Average  Production  of  Cows  of  Different  Breeds 

Butter  fat 

No.  of  Milk,  Ave. 

cows  lbs.  Lbs.  per  cent 

Pure-J)  reds 

Holstein    42  15,999.0  560.16  3.50 

Jersey  44  7,300.7  401.29  5.50 

Guernsey  32  9,500.2  475.69  5.01 

Ayrshire   2  11,169.0  496.63  4.45 

Grades 

Holstein    48  11,928.0  412.39  3.46 

Jersey  55  9,310.3  482.67  5.18 

Guernsey  15  9,330.0  480.86  5.15 

Mixed   breeding 8  9,444.4  415.13  4.40 

Ave.  for  all  grades 126  10,317.0  451.32  4.37 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  pure-bred  Holsteins  had  the  highest  average 
production  of  milk  and  butter  fat,  viz.,  16,000  pounds  of  milk  and  560 
pounds  of  butter  fat;  the  Ayrshires  (two  cows  only)  ranked  next  in 
production  of  butter  fat,  the  other  breeds  ranking  in  the  following 
order:  grade  Jerseys,  grade  Guernseys,  pure-bred  Guernseys,  grade 
Holsteins,  pure-bred  Jerseys,  and  grades  of  mixed  breeding.     One 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    DAIRY    COW    COMPETITION  167 

would  not  be  warranted  in  concluding  from  these  data  that  the  value 
of  the  different  breeds  for  dairy  production  is  necessarily  as  indicated 
by  the  order  given.  Many  factors  enter  into  the  case.  First  of  all, 
the  average  for  the  pure-bred  Holsteins  came  mainly  through  the 
exceptionally  high  production  of  the  cows  in  two  competing  herds; 
the  high  figures  for  the  grade  Jerseys  and  Guernseys,  in  the  same 
way,  are  due  to  the  excellent  showing  of  cows  in  the  relatively  few 
herds  of  these  breeds  that  participated  in  the  competition;  so  far  as 
the  Jersey  grades  are  concerned,  the  remarkable  records  reached  are 


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Fig.  4. — Aaggie  Acme  of  Eiverside  2d,  164467,  owned  by  A.  W.  Morris  &  Sons 
Corp.,  Woodland.  The  highest  producing  cow  in  the  competition:  22,087.7  lbs. 
milk,  928.813  lbs.  butter  fat;  average  fat,  4.21  per  cent. 

directly  traceable  to  the  effect  of  systematic  testing  and  culling-out  of 
poor  cows  in  the  herds  during  many  years  of  cow-testing  association 
work. 

A  dairy  farmer  might  well  be  satisfied  with  an  average  production 
like  that  of  cows  of  any  one  of  the  breeds  given,  whether  pure-breds 
or  grades;  the  differences  shown  are  due  to  more  or  less  accidental 
causes,  and  the  results  can,  therefore,  only  in  a  general  way  be  taken 
to  indicate  the  value  of  the  different  breeds  for  dairy  production. 
They  do  not  in  any  case  disclose  the  relative  economy  of  the  produc- 
tion by  cows  of  different  breeds,  since  it  proved  impossible  to  secure 
satisfactory  data  as  to  amounts  of  feed  eaten  in  most  of  the  competing 
herds.    Large  cows  require  more  feed  for  maintenance  of  body  weight 


168 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 


and  for  the  continued  exercise  of  vital  functions  than  do  small  cows, 
but  as  a  general  rule  they,  also,  have  larger  mammary  glands  and  are 
able  to  produce  more  milk  and  milk  solids  than  the  smaller  cows. 
In  any  of  the  improved  dairy  breeds,  we  find  animals  that  stand 
far  above  the  average  in  productive  capacity,  and  low-producing  cows 
are  likewise  found  in  all  breeds.  The  selection  of  good  individuals 
of  the  special  breed  that  best  serves  the  purpose  in  view  and  that 
happens  to  strike  one's  fancy  is,  therefore,  of  primary  importance  for 


Fig.  5. — Miss  Valley  Mead  De  Kol  Walker,  250956,  owned  by  A.  W.  Morris 
&  Sons  Corp.,  Woodland,  winner  of  first  price  in  Class  B,  for  the  highest  produc- 
tion of  butter  fat  during  ten  consecutive  mouths.  Eecord  (nine  months  six  days'). 
20,(590.3  lbs.  milk  and  819.421  lbs.  butter  fat;  average  per  cent,  3.96  (credit  for 
production  of  butter  fat,  966.9  lbs.). 


success  in  dairying;  good  cows  of  any  breed  will  give  good  profits  on 
the  investment,  even  under  present  liigh  prices  of  feed  and  labor,  and 
the  moderate  increase  in  prices  for  milk  and  other  dairy  products  that 
has  come  during  the  last  year. 

Pure-breds  vs.  Grade  Cows. — The  figures  for  average  production 
given  in  Table  IV  might  lead  some  to  believe  that  grade  cows 
are  better  producers  than  pure-breds,  basing  this  conclusion  more 
especially  on  the  production  figures  for  pure-bred  and  grade  Jerseys. 
The  reason  for  the  excellent  records  secured  in  the  case  of  the  grade 
Jerseys  has  already  been  explained,  and  it  should  be  kept  in  mind 
that  these  were  exceptionally  high  producers.  No  very  high  produc- 
ing pure-bred  Jersey  herd  was,  on  the  other  hand,  entered  in  the 
competition.  The  average  production  of  butter  fat  for  all  pure-bred 
cows  in  the  competition,  476.2  pounds,  was  twenty-five  pounds  higher 
than  that  for  the  grade  s.    The  income  from  a  grade  herd  comes  almost 


Fig.  6. — Grade  Jerseys  owned  by  G.  E.  Trigg,  Ferndale,  winner  of  first  herd 
prize,  Class  C.  Brindle,  ten-month  record,  632.4  lbs.  butter  fat;  winner  of  fourth 
prize,  Class  C,  and  of  McAlister  &  Sons'  prize,  June,  1917.  Queen,  595.3  lbs.  fat, 
winner  of  McAlister  &  Sons'  prize,  September,  1917.  Irene,  569.6  lbs.;  Reddy, 
565.8  lbs. 


170 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 


wholly  from  the  milk  produced,  while  in  the  case  of  a  pure-bred  herd, 
the  calves  represent  a  very  important  source  of  income,  often  greatly 
in  excess  of  that  from  the  milk  or  cream,  so  that  the  profitableness 
of  the  two  systems  of  dairying  cannot  be  judged  solely  on  the  basis 
of  the  value  of  the  dairy  products  secured.  Many  farmers  make  an 
excellent  success  of  dairying  with  a  grade  herd  who  might  not  be 
able  to  carry  on  a  successful  business  with  pure-bred  stock.  With 
intelligent  care  and  attention,  a  pure-bred  dairy  will  be  likely  to 
bring  higher  both  gross  and  net  returns  than  a  grade  dairy,  but  it 
also   takes   greater   skill   and  more   expert   business   knowledge   and 


Fig.  7. — Grades  owned  by  Iver  Iversen,  Areata,  winner  of  second  herd  prize, 
Class  C.  Roan  Cow,  to  extreme  right,  winner  of  third  prize,  Class  C,  and  of 
McAlister  &  Sons'  prize,  October,  1917;  ten-month  record,  685.8  lbs.  butter  fat. 

involves  a  greater  investment  and  larger  risk  than  in  the  case  of  grade 
herds.  Here,  as  between  the  different  breeds,  success  is  possible  in 
either  case,  and  the  chances  for  failure  are  not  absent  in  either.  The 
important  factor  in  the  operation  of  any  dairy  herd  is  to  secure  the 
best  dairy-bred  bull  of  the  special  breed  preferred  that  one  can  afford 
and  gradually  to  cull  out  all  low  producers  in  the  herd  so  that  a  high 
average  production  for  the  same  may  be  reached.  Under  present  con- 
ditions, dairying  cannot  be  profitable  except  when  these  two  essentials 
are  adopted  in  the  management  of  the  herd. 

Comparison  with  Advanced-Registry  Records. — If  we  compare  the 
average  results  for  cows  of  the  different  breeds  in  the  competition 
with  the  production  of  the  best  cows  in  the  county,  as  shown  by  the 
averages  for  the  corresponding  Advanced-Register  (or  Register-of- 
Merit)  records  for  one  year,  we  note  that  the  former  records  for 
Holsteins,  Guernseys  and  Ayrshires  are  respectively  60,  30,  and  120 
pounds  of  butter  fat  higher  than  the  average  Advanced-Registry 
records,  while  that  of  the  Jerseys  is  20  pounds  lower,  but  the  average 
production  of  the  grade  Jerseys  in  the  competition  during  ten  months 


CALIFORNIA   STATE   DAIRY    COW    COMPETITION  171 

was  61  pounds  (about  13  per  cent)  higher  than  that  for  a  full  year 
for  pure-bred  Jerseys  in  the  Register  of  Merit  of  the  American  Jersey 
Cattle  Club. 

These  comparisons  will  enable  the  reader  to  appreciate  more  fully 
the  large  records  made  in  the  competition,  and  the  fine  quality  of 
dairy  cows  raised  by  breeders  of  pure-bred  stock  in  our  state.  With 
but  few  exceptions,  these  cows  were  bred  and  developed  in  California ; 


Fig.  8. — Alice,  grade  Holstein,  owned  by  F.  Stenzel,  San  Lorenzo;  winner  of 
second  prize,  Class  C.  Ten-month  record,  20,099.4  lbs.  milk,  729.186  lbs.  batter 
fat;  average  fat,  3.63  per  cent. 

as  has  been  shown,  their  ten-month  records  are  considerably  higher, 
on  the  average,  than  those  for  a  full  year's  production  by  Advanced- 
Registry  cows  in  this  country. 

Highest  Production  Records  oy  Breeds. — The  records  of  the  high- 
est producing  cows  of  each  breed  represented  in  the  competition  are 
given  in  Table  V. 

TABLE  V 
Highest  Records  of  Production  by  Breeds 


Breed          Name  of  cow 

Owner 

Ay. 

Willowmoor  Vesta 

E.  B.  Mc- 

IV 

Farland 

G. 

Imp.  President's 

Palo  Alto 

Doris  of  Lewison 

Stock  Farm 

J. 

Interested  Jap's 

University 

Santa 

of  Calif. 

H. 

Aaggie  Acme  of 

A.  W.  Morris 

Eiverside  2d 

&  Sons  Corp 

Gr. 

Monte  1st 

Napa  State 
Hospital 

Y-M 
Age 

lbs. 
Milk, 

Butter  fat 

A. 

Per  cent         lbs. 

Credit  for 

butter  fat, 

lbs. 

4-5 

14,100.9 

4.34 

612.06 

661.02 

7 

13,482.3 

5.12 

690.16 

690.16 

4-2 

12,108.5 

5.49 

703.37 

759.64 

6-1 

22,087.7 

4.21 

928.81 

928.81 

G 

20,596.4 

3.70 

762.29 

762.29 

172  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 

The  Guernsey  cow,  Jesebel  of  Edgemoor  (W.  H.  Dupee,  owner), 
had  a  higher  credit  for  production  of  butter  fat  than  the  Guernsey 
given  in  the  table,  viz.,  783.85  pounds,  since  she  produced  632.14 
pounds  as  a  two-year-old.  The  Holstein  cow,  Miss  Valley  Mead  De 
Kol  Walker  (A.  W.  Morris  &  Sons  Corporation,  owners),  likewise 
ranked  above  the  Holstein  given  in  the  table,  her  credited  production 
being  966.92  pounds,  actual  production  819.42.  All  the  cows  given 
in  the  table,  with  the  exception  of  Monte  1st,  were  barred  from  com- 
peting for  prizes  on  account  of  their  breeding  records  (p.  163). 

Average  Production  of  Cows  by  Months. — The  average  monthly 
production  of  milk  and  butter  fat  for  the  cows  during  the  competition 
was  calculated  each  month  for  all  cows  whose  milk  records  were  trans- 
mitted prior  to  the  15th  of  the  following  month.  The  data  so  obtained 
are  presented  in  Table  VI. 

TABLE  VI 

Summaries  by  Montpis 

Average  production  Butter  fat 


Month 

Davs  in 
No.  cows  milk 

A 

Lbs.  milk 

Lbs.  fat 

Max. 

Min. 

No.  over 
50  lbs. 

Per 

cent 

No.  over 
40  lbs. 

Per 

cent 

1916 

Nov. 

27 

30 

1,086.7 

51.18 

77.29 

29.01 

14 

52 

23 

85 

Dec. 

66 

34 

1,223.7 

57.27 

116.51 

30.15 

40 

61 

57 

86 

1917 

Jan. 

98 

49 

1,303.0 

54.37 

104.47 

23.90 

54 

55 

75 

77 

Feb. 

166 

58 

1,300.3 

49.08 

94.45 

21.62 

73 

44 

131 

79 

Mar. 

185 

70 

1,401.1 

54.32 

105.27 

23.83 

113 

61 

156 

84 

Apr. 

217 

74 

1,347.3 

55.29 

96.85 

21.66 

146 

67 

196 

90 

May 

267 

91 

1,288.1 

53.23 

102.86 

17.95 

149 

56 

210 

79 

June 

271 

113 

1,175.8 

48.36 

93.76 

19.40 

127 

47 

187 

69 

July 

231 

151 

1,252.2 

49.22 

101.28 

11.81 

115 

50 

181 

78 

Aug. 

222 

173 

1,038.1 

44.89 

89.35 

11.23 

85 

38 

143 

64 

Sept. 

198 

191 

929.9 

41.72 

85.33 

10.38 

55 

28 

113 

57 

Oct. 

164 

847.7 

39.74 

83.41 

7.51 

42 

26 

89 

54 

Nov. 

132 

809.7 

33.60 

78.11 

11.14 

20 

15 

59 

45 

Dec. 

105 

245 

729.3 

37.57 

77.99 

5.72 

16 

15 

46 

44 

1918 

Jan. 

63 

298 

723.3 

37.58 

89.61 

6.02 

8 

13 

25 

40 

Feb. 

34 

274 

696.9 

31.36 

73.68 

13.20 

3 

9 

5 

15 

Highest  Producing  Cows  for  Each  Month. — Table  VII  shows  the 
cows  that  produced  the  most  butter  fat  during  each  of  the  sixteen 
months  of  the  competition ;  the  name  of  owner,  breed,  days  in  milk, 
and  production  of  butter  fat  being  given  in  each  case.  For  cows  that 
completed  ten-month  records,  the  production  for  this  period  is  also 
given.    It  is  of  interest  to  note  that  the  ten-month  records,  in  general, 


CALIFORNIA    STATE    DAIRY    COW    COMPETITION 


173 


varied  with  the  monthly  production  and  that  they  are  all  exception- 
ally high,  ranging  from  614.8  to  928.8  pounds  of  butter  fat;  the 
average  for  the  eight  eows  for  which  complete  records  were  obtained 
being  765  pounds  of  butter  fat  (equivalent  to  nearly  900  pounds  of 
commercial  butter)  for  ten  months,  and  90.5  pounds  of  butter  fat 
(105.6  pounds  butter)  per  month. 

TABLE  VII 

Highest  Producing  Cows  vvr  Each  Month  of  the  Competition 

Production  of  butter  fat,  lbs. 


! 

Ten 

Month 

Name  of  cow 

Owner 

Breed 

Month 

months 

1916 

Nov. 

Imp.  Cherry  of 
the  Effords  III 

Hollow-Hill 

Farm 

G. 

77.293 

614.84 

Dee. 

Aaggie  Acme  of 
Riverside  2d 

A.  W.  Morris  & 
Sons  Corp. 

H. 

116.514 

928.81 

1917 

Jan. 

Aaggie  Acme  of 
Riverside  2d 

A.  W.  Morris  & 

H. 

164.436 

Sons  Corp. 

Feb. 

Aaggie  Acme  of 
Riverside  2d 

A.  W.  Morris  & 

H. 

94.145 

Sons  Corp. 

Mar. 

Mabel  Hask.  Col. 

K.  W.  Abbott 

H. 

105.271 

Girl 

Apr. 

Imp.  President's 
Doris  of  Lewison 

Palo  Alto  Stock 
Farm 

G. 

90.196 

690.16 

May 

Alice 

F.  Stenzel 

Gr.  H. 

102.858 

729.19 

June 

Monte  1st 

Napa  State 
Hospital 

Gr.  H. 

93.759 

762.29 

July 

Ninette  Aine 
Pauline 

Palo  Alto  Stock 
Farm 

11. 

101.281 

603.62* 

Aug". 

Ninette  Aine 
Pauline 

Palo  Alto  Stock 
Farm 

H. 

89.349 

Sept. 

Ninette  Aine 
Pauline 

Palo  Alto  Stock 
Farm 

11. 

85.327 

Oct. 

Miss  Valley  Mead 
De  Kol 

A.  W.  Morris  & 
Sons  Corp. 

11. 

83.401 

829.68 

Nov. 

Ninette  Aine 
Pauline 

Palo  Alto  Stock 
Farm 

H. 

78.106 

Dec. 

Margaret  Aralia 
De"  Kol 

A.  W.  Morris  & 
Sons  Corp. 

H. 

77.988 

745.76 

1918 

Jan. 

Aralia  De  Kol 
Mead 

A.  W.  Morris  & 
Sons  Corp. 

H. 

89.609 

829.68 

Feb. 

Margaret  Aralia 
De  Kol 

A.  W.  Morris  & 

H. 

73.682 

Sons  Corp. 

Ave] 

•age   90.959 

748.23 

*In 

6%  months. 

A  ward  of  Prizes. — The  awards  of  prizes  offered  in  the  competition 
were  made  on  March  11,  1918,  by  a  committee  consisting  of  G.  H. 
True,  head  of  the  Animal  Husbandry  Division  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  of  the  University  of  California,  the  writer,  and  three 
breeders  nominated  by  the  dairymen  participating  in  the  competition, 


174 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 


Messrs.  Gion  W.  Gibson,  of  Williams;  J.  E.  Thorpe,  of  Lockeford; 
and  A.  B.  Humphrey,  of  Mayhews.  Mr.  Humphrey  was  unable  to 
meet  with  the  committee  on  account  of  illness.  The  results  of  the 
decisions  of  the  committee  were  announced  at  the  evening  session  of 
the  Dairy  Farmers'  Conference  at  the  University  Farm,  March  15, 
when  the  prizes  were  presented  by  Thomas  F.  Hunt,  Dean  of  the 
College  of  Agriculture.  The  complete  list  of  awards  is  given  in  the 
appendix.  The  awards  of  several  special  prizes  are  given  in  the 
following  pages,  with  brief  discussions  of  the  production  by  the  prize 
winners. 


..   »'.->.  *Zin,   .•£*/*■■  ar 


!s.  >«'* 


Fig.  9. — Imp.  England's  Lady  Orange,  65663  (Guernsey),  owned  by  Palo  Alto 
Stock  Farm,  Palo  Alto,  winner  of  first  prize,  Class  A,  for  the  highest  production 
of  butter  fat  by  a  cow  during  ten  consecutive  months;  585.8  lbs.  butter  fat. 


Prizes  for  Monthly  Production  by  Grade  Cows. — Two  series  of 
prizes  were  offered  for  the  highest  monthly  production  by  grade  cows 
in  the  competition :  one,  for  the  highest  production  of  butter  fat  by  a 
single  cow  for  each  month  during  1917,  offered  by  McAlister  &  Sons, 
of  Chino;  and  the  other,  for  the  highest  average  production  of  butter 
fat  by  five  grades  for  each  month  during  the  competition,  offered  by 
the  Pacific  Rural  Press,  of  San  Francisco.  Tables  VIII  and  IX  give 
the  awards  of  these  prizes  with  accompanying  information  as  to  the 
prize  winners  and  their  production.  It  will  be  noted  that  both  the 
monthly  production  and  the  ten-month  records  of  the  winners  of 
the  McAlister  &  Sons  prizes  were  very  creditable  indeed.  The  prizes 
of  the  former  were  won  five  times  by  Holstein  grades,  six  times  by 
Jersey   grades,   and  once   by   a   Shorthorn   grade.     The   ten-month 


CALIFORNIA    STATE    DAIRY    COW    COMPETITION 


175 


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176  UNIVERSITY  OF   CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 

records  of  the  cows  ranged  from  451.58  to  762.29  pounds  of  butter  fat 
and  averaged  582.2  pounds,  a  remarkably  high  average  production  for 
eleven  grade  cows. 

The  data  presented  in  Table  IX  show  that  the  average  monthly 
production  of  butter  fat  by  five  grades  varied  from  34.3  pounds  (for 
cows  288  days  in  milk,  on  the  average)  to  84.6  pounds,  with  an  aver- 
age of  59.11  pounds.  The  production  of  the  individual  grades  for 
the  month  ranged  from  30.91  to  102.86  pounds.  No  cow  was  consid- 
ered more  than  once  in  the  award  of  either  of  the  two  series  of  monthly 
prizes. 

TABLE  IX 


Pacific  Eural  Press  Prize.     Average  Pi 

iODUCTION 

of  Five  Grades 

Name  of  owner 

Breed 

Davs  in      Milk, 
milk          lbs. 

Butter  fat 

A 

Bnttei 

<-fat 

Month 

Lbs. 

Per  cent 

Max. 

Min. 

1916 

Nov. 

Napa  State  Hospital    H. 

1.1 

1,276.8 

43.587 

3.65 

58.39* 

49.13 

Dec. 

Bohnett  Brothers 

H. 

32 

1,085.4 

49.319 

4.54 

77.58 

48.73 

1917 

Jan. 

Abbott,  K.  W. 

H. 

53 

1  436.5 

56.605 

3.94 

62.35 

52.24 

Feb. 

Napa  State  Hospit: 

il    H. 

51 

1,910.5 

63.696 

3.33 

74.90 

55.61 

Mar. 

Kell,  F.  J. 

H. 

23 

1,905.1 

71.050 

3.73 

84.32 

55.97 

Apr. 

Trigg,   G.   E. 

J. 

15 

1,744.0 

82.372 

4.72 

91.70 

77.12 

May 

Stenzel,  F. 

H. 

116 

2,177.0 

84.640 

3.89 

102.8) 

61.15 

June 

Coppini,  J.  W. 

J. 

65 

1,280.6 

67.297 

5.33 

73.30 

64.52 

July 

Trigg,  G.  E. 

J. 

8"5 

1,277.8 

74.868 

5.85 

98.33 

65.79 

Aug. 

Iversen,   Iver 

J. 

134 

1  279.1 

64.740 

5.06 

67.90 

60.78 

Sept. 

Coppini,  J.  W. 

J. 

175 

843.6 

51.033 

6.05 

57.29 

40.96 

Oct. 

Iversen,  Iver 

J&G 

208 

879.2 

51.952 

5.91 

59.28 

45.01 

Nov. 

Trigg,  G.  E. 

J. 

246 

612.2 

41.950 

6.85 

48.99 

32.66 

Dec. 

Beebe,  Floyd 

J. 

234 

836.4 

46.199 

5.52 

56.54 

40.30 

1918 

Jan. 

So.  Cal.  State 

Hospital 

H. 

288 

895.5 

34.299 

3.83 

40.04 

30.91 

Eange  34.3-84.6  102.85-30.91 

Average      59.107 


28  days. 


Cow-Testing  Association  Prizes. — Three  prizes  for  yearly  records 
made  by  herds  belonging  to  a  cow-testing  association  were  offered  by 
the  California  Cultivator  Publishing  Company,  Los  Angeles ;  one  each 
for  herds  of  10-25  cows,  26-50  cows,  and  over  50  cows.  Nine  herds 
competed  for  these  prizes,  six  of  which  belonged  to  the  Ferndale  Cow- 
Testing  Association,  two  to  the  Imperial  Valle}^  Association,  and  one 
to  the  Solano-Yolo-Colusa  Association.     The  average  production  of 


CALIFORNIA    STATE    DAIRY    COW    COMPETITION  177 

those  herds  is  given  in  Table  X.  Two  other  herds,  one  eacli  in  the 
Gridley  and  the  San  Joaquin  County  Associations  could  not  continue 
in  the  competition  to  the  end,  owing  to  the  loss  of  testers  through 
draft  and  resulting  discontinuance  of  the  work  of  the  associations. 

TABLE  X 

Cow-Testing   Association   Prizes,   Offered  ry   California   Cultivator 
Publishing  Company,  Los  Angeles 

Average  production 


No.  of  cows 
Name  of  owner                                   in  herd 

(a)   10  to  25  cows 

Milk, 
lbs. 

Butter  fat, 
lbs. 

Per  cent 
fat 

(1)  J.  W.  Coppini,*  Ferndale 

(2)  Floyd  Beebe,  Esparto 

(3)  C.   Darnell,  Brawley 
(&)    25  to  50  cows 

22 

18 
10 

8,979.0 

9,470.1 

10,813.7 

510.09 
387.56 
362.78 

5.68 
4.09 
3.37 

(1)  Iver  Iversen,*   Areata 

(2)  G.  E.  Trigg,  Fern  dale 

(3)  Aux  Ambort,  Holtville 

37 
35 
29 

10,445.0 
8,658.8 
9,134.7 

497.73 
485.96 
357.39 

4.76 
5.62 
3.91 

(c)  over  50  cows 

(1)  W.  Terkelsen,*  Ferndale 

(2)  Coppini  &  Coppini,  Ferndale 

(3)  John  Hansen,  Loleta 

53 

HO 
101 

8,445.1 
7,000.0 
6,635.5 

420.46 
379.44 
339.63 

4.98 
4.99 
5.12 

*  Winner  of  prize. 

All  three  prize  winners  were  members  of  the  oldest  cow-testing 
association  in  the  state,  that  of  Ferndale,  Hnmboldt  County,  which  lias 
been  in  continuous  operation  since  February,  1909.  The  other  asso- 
ciations represented  among  the  competitors,  the  Solano-Yolo-Colusa 
and  the  Imperial  Valley  Associations,  were  organized  in  April,  1916, 
and  December,  1917,  respectively.  It  is  no  accident  that  the  Hum- 
boldt County  herds  rank  highest  and  next  to  highest  in  all  three 
classes.  The  effect  of  the  cow-testing  association  work  is  cumulative ; 
it  gives  the  dairyman  definite  knowledge  of  the  production  of  his 
cows  from  year  to  year,  and  shows  him  which  are  profitable  producers 
and  which  are  not.  He  is  able,  therefore,  to  dispose  of  the  latter  kind 
of  cows  and  thus  gradually  raise  the  production  of  his  herd.  The 
importance  of  well-bred  dairy  bulls  for  increasing  the  production  of 
the  herd  is  also  brought  home  with  increasing  emphasis  each  year  by 
the  results  of  cow-testing  association  work.  The  showing  made  in 
the  competition  by  the  herds  belonging  to  the  Ferndale  Cow  Testing 
Association  furnishes  a  striking  illustration  of  the  value  of  continued 
association  work  to  the  members  and  to  the  dairy  industry  of  the  state. 
It  is  a  source  of  keen  disappointment  to  all  interested  in  the  progress 
of  our  dairy  industry  that  several  of  the  associations  in  the  state  have 
been  discontinued  during  the  past  year  on  account  of  the  loss  of  their 


178 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 


testers  through  enlistment  or  draft,  and  the  impossibility  of  securing 
new  men  to  take  their  places. 

Prizes  for  Herd  Records. — The  largest  cash  prizes  offered  in  the 
competition  were  the  so-called  herd  prizes  awarded  for  the  highest 
average  production  of  butter  fat  by  ten  cows  in  a  herd;  twelve  such 
prizes  aggregating  $1950  in  value  were  offered,  viz.,  three  each  of 


v: 


Fig.  10. — Imp.  President's  Doris  of  Lewison,  32145,  owned  by  Palo  Alto  Stock 
Farm.  Highest  producing  Guernsey  cow;  13,482.3  lbs.  milk  and  690.16  lbs.  butter 
fat;  average  fat,  5.12  per  cent. 


$300,  $200,  $100,  and  $50.  Owing  to  lack 
five  of  these  prizes  were  not  awarded.  The 
breeders  given  below. 


of  qualified  competitors, 
awards  made  went  to  the 


Average  production  of 
Butter  fat,  lbs. 


Milk,  lbs. 
7,592.5 
7,445.0 


Actual 
435.85 
394.49 


Credit 
470.95 
418.18 


Ave. 

per  cent 
fat 

5.74 

5.30 


17,193.4         588.75         671.86 


3.43 


Class  A,  Jerseys  or  Guernseys 

1st  prize,  J.  W.  Coppini,  Ferndale 

2nd  prize,  Guy  H.  Miller,  Modesto 
Class  B,  Holsteins 

1st  prize,  A.  W.  Morris  &  Sons  Corp., 
Woodland 
Class  C,  Other  breeds  and  grades 

1st  prize,  G.  E.  Trigg,  Ferndale 

2nd  prize,  Iver  Iversen,  Areata 

3rd  prize,  F.  Stenzel,  San  Lorenzo 

4th  prize,  J.  W.  Coppini,  Ferndale 

The  winners  of  these  prizes,  at  the  request  of  the  writer,  furnished 
brief  accounts  of  the  method  of  feeding  and  handling  their  cows, 
which  will  be  found  in  the  following  pages. 


9,908.9 

557.36 

580.54 

5.63 

10,891.8 

558.56 

576.41 

5.13 

16,159.9 

534.36 

558.86 

3.31 

9,192.5 

520.57 

532.86 

5.66 

CALIFORNIA   STATE    DAIRY    COW    COMPETITION  179 


SYSTEM    OF  FEEDING   PRIZE-WINNING   HERDS 

J.  W.  Coppini,  Ferndale. — At  the  first  inception  of  the  California  State  Dairy 
Cow  Competition,  I  fully  realized  the  object  and  benefit  to  be  derived  from  it, 
and  decided  to  enter  every  cow  in  my  herd. 

About  two  months  before  entering-,  my  cows  were  put  dry  and  fed  as  follows: 
All  the  mixed  rye-grass  and  clover  hay  they  would  eat  up  clean,  together  with  a 
liberal  ration  of  beets,  and  about  three  pounds  of  grain  or  dried  beet  pulp,  as 
I  happened  to  have  on  hand. 


Fig.  11.— Gertie  Olga  of  Ferndale,  314818,  owned  by  J.  W.  Coppini,  Ferndale, 
winner  of  second  prize,  Class  A,  for  the  highest  production  of  butter  fat  by  a 
cow  during  ten  consecutive  months;  8,888.9  lbs.  milk  and  500.993  lbs.  butter  fat: 
average  fat,  5.64  per  cent.     (Credited  production,  576.1  lbs.) 

After  freshening,  the  grain  ration  was  increased  to  four  or  five  pounds  per 
cow  daily.  During  the  spring  and  early  summer  months  green  cut  grass  was  fed 
in  the  barn  during  milking,  and  later  as  the  grass  became  short,  oxheart  carrots 
were  gradually  substituted,  and  later  beets  and  hay  during  fall  and  winter  months* 
They  were  milked  twice  a  day  and  pastured  the  year  round;  kept  in  the  barn  at 
night  in  the  winter  and  also  in  the  day  time  when  real  stormy.  Plenty  of  bedding 
was  always  provided. 

Guy  H.  Miller,  Modesto. — At  the  beginning  of  the  contest,  the  cows  were 
being  fed  a  molasses  dairy  feed.  A  little  later  a  ration  composed  of  three  parts 
crushed  barley,  two  parts  shorts  and  one  part  linseed  meal  was  substituted.  For 
the  first  month  it  was  fed  with  a  small  amount  of  beet  pulp.  As  the  cows  did 
not  like  beet  pulp  very  well,  it  was  discontinued  December  1st.  The  cows  were 
fed  alfalfa  hay  and  the  above  grain  mixture  up  to  April  1st,  1917.  We  then 
began  feeding  the  first  cutting  of  alfalfa  and  foxtail  green  as  part  of  the  night 
feed.  About  the  first  of  May  crushed  barley  alone  was  substituted  for  the  former 
mixed  ration.     The  ration  then  was  crushed  barley  and  alfalfa  hay,  with  green 


180  UNIVERSITY  OF   CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 

alfalfa  as  part  of  the  night  feed.  In  July  crushed  oats  was  mixed  with  the 
barley,  half  and  half.  The  alfalfa  hay  and  alfalfa  soiling  was  continued  as 
before. 

On  August  1st,  the  oats  were  left  out  of  the  ration,  alfalfa  hay  continued,  and 
green  kaffir  corn  was  given  in  the  night  feed.  This  ration  was  continued  until 
September  10th,  when  we  ran  out  of  kaffir  corn.  Alfalfa  hay  and  crushed  barley 
and  oats  were  fed,  in  the  proportion  of  two  parts  barley  and  one  part  oats,  to 
September  25th.  The  cows  were  then  turned  out  a  part  of  each  day  to  pasture 
off  what  was  left  on  the  alfalfa  fields  in  the  way  of  green  feed,  haying  being 
over  on  account  of  short  irrigation  season.  The  cows  were  pastured  about  two 
weeks,  receiving  alfalfa  hay  in  the  morning  and  a  light  feed  of  the  same  at  night, 
the  grain  ration  of  oats  and  barley  being  continued.  Pasture  was  discontinued 
October  10th  and  cows  were  then  on  dry  feed  entirely.  October  22nd,  as  the 
price  of  barley  and  oats  had  soared  out  of  reason,  we  turned  to  molasses  dairy 
feed  for  a  concentrate.  This  dairy  feed  is  supposed  to  consist  of  one-third  each 
of  molasses,  crushed  barley  and  ' '  dairy  chop. ' '  This  ration  of  alfalfa  hay  and 
molasses  feed  was  continued  to  the  end  of  the  contest. 

The  ten  cows  that  won  the  second  herd  prize  were  fed  20,677  lbs.  of  concen- 
trates during  the  304  days  they  were  in  the  contest,  as  average  of  6.8  lbs.  per  day, 
the  largest  average  amount  of  concentrates  being  given  to  Goldie  of  Venadera, 
10.2  lbs.,  and  the  smallest  amount  to  Martha  of  Venadera,  3.6  lbs. 

The  cows  were  fed  and  milked  twice  daily  throughout  the  contest,  with  the 
exception  of  Lorita  of  Venadera,  one  of  the  older  cows  that  now  leaks  her  milk 
very  badly.  She  was  milked  three  times  daily  for  six  weeks,  but  as  she  seemed 
to  leak  just  about  the  same,  her  three-times  milking  was  discontinued.  When  not 
in  the  barn  night  and  morning  being  fed  and  milked,  the  cows  ran  in  a  corral 
adjoining  the  barn  at  all  times,  except  the  two  weeks  they  were  pastured  a  part 
of  each  day.  There  is  a  closed-in  shed  in  connection  with  the  corral  for  protec- 
tion during  bad  weather. 

A.  W.  Morris  <$r  Sons  Corporation,  Woodland. — Miss  Valley  Mead  De  Kol 
Walker  was  milked  four  times  a  day  during  the  first  four  months  and  three  times 
a  day  during  the  last  six  months  of  the  record  period.  Her  grain  ration  varied 
from  ten  to  eighteen  pounds  a  day,  consisting  of  equal  parts  of  ground  barley, 
ground  oats,  and  wheat  bran,  with  one  to  two  pounds  cottonseed  meal  and  two 
to  four  pounds  soy  bean  meal.  A  little  linseed  meal  was  fed  in  place  of 
the  above  concentrates  at  times.  Her  roughage  consisted  of  corn  silage  during 
the  winter,  about  fifteen  pounds  once  a  day,  and  five  to  ten  pounds  of  dried  beet 
pulp  a  day.  She  also  had  fresh  beets  during  part  of  the  test,  which  were  fed  in 
place  of  the  silage.  In  addition  to  this,  she  of  course  had  what  alfalfa  hay  she 
would  clean  up.  The  above  feeds  were  varied  in  amounts  according  to  the  cow  's 
appetite  for  them.     She  was  kept  in  corral  and  box-stall  and  fed  at  each  milking. 

The  other  cows  were  handled  in  the  same  manner,  and  their  rations  consisted 
of  the  same  feeds,  varied  in  amounts  according  to  the  production  and  peculiarities 
of  the  cows.  These  other  cows  were  milked  three  times  a  day  and  were  kept  with 
the  herd  and  given  a  light  feed  of  rice  bran,  wheat  bran,  and  beet  pulp. 

G.  E.  Trigg,  Ferndale. — Up  to  1906  my  father  dairied  with  good  grade  cows, 
but  had  no  particular  breed.  In  1906  he  bought  eight  head  of  half-bred  Jersey 
heifers  that  freshened  that  spring.  They  milked  fine  and  during  the  fall  and 
summer  we  tested  and  weighed  their  milk  and  found  that  they  were  doing  really 
better  than  some  of  our  old  cows. 


CALIFOHMA    STATE    DAIRY    COW    COMPETITION 


181 


In  1907  lie  began  to  prefer  .Jerseys  and  bought  three  high-grade  heifers  and 
a  registered  bull.  That  summer  Ave  tested  and  weighed  the  heifers'  milk  and 
found  that  they  were  doing-  far  better  than  our  other  cows.  The  next  spring  we 
bought  more  high-grade  heifers  and  in  1909  Ave  had  a  nice  bunch  of  young  cows. 
That  spring  the  Ferndale  Cow-Testing  Association  was  organized  and  we  joined 
this  association  and  our  herd  has  been  tested  continually  ever  since. 


Fig.  12. — Little  Beauty  2d,  45221,  Guernsey,  owned  by  Elliott-Brant  Rancho, 
Owensmouth.  Winner  of  third  prize,  Class  A,  for  the  highest  production  of  butter 
fat  by  a  cow  during  ten  consecutive  months;  10,083.8  lbs.  milk  and  532.766  lbs. 
butter  fat;  average  fat,  5.28  per  cent.     (Credited  production,  575.42  lbs.) 


Fig.  13. — Monte  1st,  grade  Holstein,  owned  by  Napa  State  Hospital,  Napa. 
Highest  producing  grade  in  the  competition.  Winner  of  first  prize,  Class  C,  for 
the  highest  production  of  butter  fat  by  a  cow  during  ten  consecutive  months,  and 
winner  of  McAlister  &  Sons'  prize  for  May,  1917;  20,596.4  lbs.  milk  and  762.287 
lbs.  butter  fat;  average  fat,  3.70  per  cent. 


182  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 

In  1913  I  bought  the  cows  and  rented  the  ranch  from  my  father  and  continued 
along  the  same  lines  of  management.  I  raised  all  my  heifer  calves  and  in  the 
fall  picked  out  my  best  heifers  to  build  up  my  herd  and  sold  the  rest.  I  have  not 
bought  a  cow  since  I  took  over  the  ranch,  but  have  raised  all  heifers  that  I  put  in 
to  replace  my  older  and  poorest  cows  with.  I  consider  that  is  the  only  way  a 
man  can  build  up  a  good  herd  after  he  has  gotten  a  good  start.  That  is,  to  get 
a  good  pure-bred  bull,  to  test  the  cows,  and  keep  the  best  heifer  calves. 

During  the  summer  of  1915,  I  was  somewhat  short  of  feed,  so  bought  and  fed 
some  cocoanut  meal  with  my  carrots  and  beets  and  found  after  feeding  it  awhile 
that  my  cows  milked  far  better  than  they  did  on  roots  alone.  The  next  summer 
I  fed  cocoanut  meal  and  bran  continually  and  kept  account  of  its  cost ;  at  the  end 
of  the  season  I  found  that  the  cows  had  made  me  two  dollars  extra  for  every 
dollar  I  had  spent  for  grain,  and  my  cows  were  fat. 

As  soon  as  I  could  dry  my  cows  that  fall,  I  began  to  condition  them  up  for 
the  1917  season.  I  consider  that  a  very  important  part  in  the  dairy  business. 
I  was  like  many  other  dairymen — when  my  cows  were  dry  I  fed  them  straw  and 
thought  they  would  get  along  all  right  and  that  was  all  I  cared,  but  I  have  found 
things  different.  I  think  the  fatter  one  can  get  the  cows  at  freshening  time,  the 
better  they  will  do  that  season. 

In  1917  my  cows  always  had  lots  of  pasture  and  besides  I  fed  a  grain  ration 
of  about  one  pound  of  grain  for  every  five  pounds  of  milk.  The  grain  consisted 
of  cocoanut  meal,  bran,  barley  and  dried  beet  pulp.  I  mixed  these  according  to 
what  feeds  I  had  on  the  ranch  and  tried  to  make  somewhat  of  a  balanced  ration. 

About  August  1st  I  began  feeding  carrots  and  fed  about  80  pounds  a  day  to 
each  cow  until  Nov.  20th,  when  I  began  feeding  beets  of  which  about  the  same 
amount  was  fed.  December  1st  I  started  feeding  rye  grass  and  clover  hay  and 
gave  the  cows  all  they  would  clean  up. 

Iver  Iversen,  Areata. — During  the  months  of  April,  May,  and  June,  my  cows 
were  fed  green  clover  pasture,  green  oats  and  vetches  in  the  barn,  twice  daily, 
and  also  four  pounds  of  a  mixture  of  wheat,  cocoanut  meal,  and  cottonseed  meal, 
daily  per  cow.  In  July  and  August  they  were  fed  green  peas  and  clover  pasture, 
and  also  four  pounds  grain.  During  September,  October,  November  they  were 
fed  green  Indian  corn  (Yellow  Dent),  carrots  (120  to  150  lbs.  per  cow  daily)  and 
six  pounds  mixed  grain  as  above  mentioned.  During  the  months  of  October  and 
November  they  were  also  fed  10  lbs.  alfalfa  hay  per  cow.  From  December  1  to 
March  they  were  fed  from  125  to  150  lbs.  beets  per  cow  daily,  with  six  lbs.  grain 
feed,  and  10  lbs.  alfalfa  hay. 

F.  Stenzel,  San  Lorenzo. — The  cows  that  were  entered  in  the  competition  were 
fed  like  the  balance  of  the  herd.  The  daily  rations  fed  until  March  15,  1917, 
were  50  pounds  wet  brewers'  grains,  10  pounds  dried  beet  pulp,  1  pound  linseed 
meal,  with  alfalfa  hay  and  mangels.  About  60  pounds  fresh  cut  green  alfala  was 
fed  March  15  to  November  10,  and  after  that  time  about  35  pounds  of  alfalfa 
hay  was  fed  daily  per  head.  On  account  of  the  high  price  of  mill  feeds  we  left 
them  out  of  the  ration  entirely.  This  was  very  likely  a  mistake,  for  by  adding 
a  small  amount  of  mill  feed,  the  result  in  the  competition  might  have  been  differ- 
ent, especially  in  the  case  of  Alice.  Another  thing  that  worked  against  the  best 
results  was  a  change  in  the  milker  and  feeder  during  the  competition  period.  The 
first  six  months  the  cows  were  milked  three  times  a  day  and  cared  for  by  a 
competent,  careful  man.  After  he  left  they  were  milked  twice  a  day  by  an  inex- 
perienced feeder. 


CALIFORNIA    STATE    DAIRY    COW    COMPETITION 


183 


Hollow-Hill  Farm,  Colton  {A.  Benjestorf,  Supt.).* — The  grade  Guernsey  cows 
which  were  entered  in  the  State  Dairy  Cow  Competition  by  Hollow-Hill  Farm 
worked  under  the  handicap  of  being  milked  under  the  strictest  certified  require- 
ments: they  were  washed  twice  daily,  were  milked  in  a  cement-floored  barn  sep- 
arate from  the  one  in  which  they  were  fed,  stood  for  five  hours  twice  daily  in  the 
two  barns  being  milked  and  fed,  and  for  the  most  of  the  time  were  milked  but 
twice  a  day.  Their  feed  was  concentrates,  "Sure-milk"  and  wheat  bran,  fed  in 
the  proportion  of  about  one  pound  of  feed  for  six  to  ten  pounds  of  milk;  Indian 


Fig.  14. — Interested  Jap 's  Santa,  296928,  owned  by  University  of  California, 
Davis.  Winner  of  trophy  awarded  by  A.  J.  C.  C.  for  the  highest  record  of  a 
registered  Jersey  cow  for  ten  consecutive  months;  12,108  lbs.  milk,  703.369  lbs. 
butter  fat.  Average  fat,  5.49  per  cent.  (Credited  production,  759.6  lbs.  fat.) 
Yearly  record,  13,308.5  lbs.  milk,  805.72  lbs.  fat;  average  fat,  6.05  per  cent.  Four 
years,  two  months  at  beginning  of  test.     State  record  for  Jersey  cows. 


corn  silage  at  the  rate  of  25  pounds  a  day;  a  part  of  the  time  alfalfa  pasture, 
and  from  March  until  November  green  alfalfa  once  a  day;  also  five  pounds  of 
dried  beet  pulp. 

At  first  all  were  milked  and  fed  three  times  a  day,  but  as  soon  as  the  flow 
fell  below  forty  pounds  they  were  put  on  a  twice-a-day  schedule.  They  were  fed 
a  portion  of  the  grain  in  the  morning  together  with  the  silage.     If  they  were 


3  Winner  of  trophy  offered  by  A.  G.  C.  C.  for  highest  production  by  ten  grade 
cows,  sired  by  a  registered  Guernsey  bull  (see  p.  203). 


184  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 

milked  in  the  middle  of  the  day,  a  little  more  grain  was  given.  In  the  evening 
they  had  the  balanee  of  the  grain,  the  beet  pulp  and  the  green  feed.  At  such 
times  as  they  were  in  pasture  they  went  from  9  to  11  a.m.  and  were  removed 
before  noon.  This  schedule  applies  to  all  the  grades  and  to  Imp.  Brittleware 
Wild  Eose,  which  was  also  on  Advanced-Register  test.  Under  this  treatment 
she  made  9199  pounds  of  milk  and  505  lbs.  of  fat  in  12  months.  During  the 
same  period  her  half-sister,  Imp.  Brittleware  Mistletoe,  was  making  14,467  pounds 
of  milk  and  751  pounds  of  butter  fat.  There  was  little  difference  in  the  two  cows 
and  the  manner  of  handling  was  largely  responsible  for  the  difference  in  records. 

Accommodations  for  Advanced-Register  testing  are  limited  at  our  farm,  which 
accounts  for  the  treatment  given  Wild  Rose.  Imp.  Brittleware  Mistletoe  was 
allowed  a  separate  box  stall  with  a  small  exercise  yard  adjoining,  was  fed  at 
the  rate  of  one  pound  of  grain  mixture  (90  pounds  wheat  bran,  90  pounds  cocoa- 
nut  meal,  70  pounds  rolled  barley,  50  pounds  of  corn  meal  and  100  pounds  of 
Suremilk)  for  three  pounds  of  milk.  Wild  Rose  was  also  fed  this  mixture  instead 
of  the  one  given  the  grade  cows.  Imp.  Brittleware  Mistletoe  made  a  record 
which  gave  her  eighth  place  among  the  Guernsey  cows  of  the  United  States  at 
four  and  a  half  years  old.  Imp.  Cherry  III  of  the  Eff ords  was  accorded  the  same 
treatment  as  Mistletoe  and  made  15,567  pounds  of  milk  and  735  pounds  of  butter 
fat  in  her  twelve  months. 

In  view  of  the  treatment  received  by  the  grades  their  record  of  478.34  actual 
pounds  of  butter  fat  is  truly  remarkable.  By  comparison  of  the  records  of  Imp. 
Brittleware  Mistletoe  and  Imp.  Brittleware  Wild  Rose  it  is  easy  to  see  that 
certified  requirements  do  not  make  for  high  production  records. 


FEEDING    OF   THE    COMPETITION    COWS 

It  was  planned  to  secure  complete  records  of  the  feed  eaten  by 
cows  in  the  competition  in  connection  with  their  production  records 
so  as  to  be  able  to  determine,  as  accurately  as  possible,  the  relation 
between  the  feed  consumption  and  the  production  of  the  cows,  and 
the  relative  efficiency  of  the  individual  cows,  as  well  as  of  cows  of  the 
different  breeds,  as  producers  of  milk  and  butter  fat.  Unfortunately, 
it  did  not  prove  possible,  however,  to  obtain  sufficiently  definite  infor- 
mation in  most  cases  as  to  the  kinds  and  amount  of  feed  eaten.  Condi- 
tions growing  out  of  the  war,  especially  the  labor  situation,  greatly 
increased  the  difficulties  with  which  the  breeders  had  to  contend  in 
carrying  their  cows  through  the  competition  period,  and  it  was,  in 
general,  out  of  the  question  to  keep  careful  detailed  records  of  the 
system  of  feeding  followed.     The  statements  of  prize  winners  given 

Fig.  15. — High-record  cows  in  the  University  Dairy  herd,  University  Farm, 
Davis.  Pietertje  Lorena  Korndyke,  217767  (Holstein)  ;  ten-month  record,  16,272.3 
lbs.  milk,  545.084  lbs.  butter  fat;  average  fat,  3.35  per  cent.  (Credited  produc- 
tion, 588.7  lbs.)  Mermaiden's  Fern,  269301  (Jersey),  9,920.3  lbs.  milk  and 
527.386  lbs.  butter  fat;  average  fat,  5.32.  Langwater  York  Rose,  24202  (Guern- 
sey), 10,584.7  lbs.  milk,  428.959  lbs.  butter  fat;  average  fat,  4.05  per  cent.  Korn- 
dyke Senorita,  191470  (Holstein),  ten-month  record,  18,111.0  lbs.  milk  and  638.050 
lbs.  butter  fat;  average  fat,  3.52  per  cent. 


Fig.  15. —  (See  foot  of  page  184  for  description.) 


186  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 

in  the  preceding  pages  doubtless  illustrate  the  methods  of  feeding  and 
management  adopted  by  a  majority  of  the  participants  whose  cows 
completed  ten-month  records  in  the  competition.  Nearly  all  of  these 
fed  their  cows  concentrates  and  grain,  or  succulent  feed,  with  alfalfa 
hay  throughout  the  record  period.  A  few  breeders,  among  them  most 
of  those  who  dropped  out  during  the  progress  of  the  competition,  did 
not  feel  that  they  could  afford  to  feed  grain  to  their  cows  at  current 
feed  prices,  and  depended  entirely  on  alfalfa  hay  and  pasture  for 
feeding  their  cows.  In  some  cases  the  feeling  that  satisfactory  records 
of  production  cannot  be  obtained  under  this  system  of  feeding  was 
responsible  for  the  withdrawal  from  the  competition,  but  more  often 
the  reasons  were  the  difficulty  of  securing  efficient  help  to  feed  and 
milk  the  cows,  and  business  changes  that  became  necessary.  There 
can  be  no  question  but  that  dairy  cows  can  only  make  the  best  produc- 
tion of  which  they  are  capable  when  fed  concentrates  along  with  rough 
feeds  and  that  with  good  cows  it  may  pay  to  feed  even  a  considerable 
amount  of  concentrates,  say  ten  pounds  per  head  daily,  or  more, 
preferably  a  mixture  of  two  or  three  different  kinds.  Most  of  the 
dairymen  participating  in  the  competition  provided  succulent  feed  for 
their  cows,  either  green  forage,  silage,  or  roots,  in  addition  to  dry 
roughage  and  concentrates,  and  thus  secured  the  best  conditions  for 
obtaining  a  maximum  production  from  their  cows. 

The  subject  of  feeding  dairy  cows  under  present  feed  conditions 
was  discussed  by  the  writer  at  the  Dairy  Farmers'  Conference  held 
at  the  University  Farm  on  the  occasion  of  the  formal  closing  of  the 
Dairy  Cow  Competition.4  The  following  quotation  from  the  paper 
(slightly  revised)  may  prove  of  value  to  California  dairy  farmers: 

It  is  evident  that  no  hard  and  fast  rule  can  be  given  for  feeding  concentrates 
with  roughage.  There  are  many  factors  to  be  considered  which  vary  for  different 
farmers,  like  cost  of  feeds  and  relative  cost  for  different  kinds  of  feeds,  type  and 
production  of  the  cows  in  the  herd,  prices  obtained  for  the  products,  etc.  As  a 
general  proposition,  it  may  be  assumed  that  under  present  conditions  concentrates 
can  only  be  profitably  fed  to  very  good  dairy  cows  and  that,  for  the  average  run 
of  cows,  it  will  pay  best  to  feed  roughage  only,  either  alfalfa,  or  preferably  alfalfa 
and  silage  from  Indian  corn,  sorghum,  etc.,  or  alfalfa  and  root  crops,  where  these 
can  be  produced  cheaper  than  silage  crops,  considering  the  yield  of  nutrients 
obtained  per  unit  of  land. 

As  a  concrete  illustration  of  rations  that  may  be  recommended  for  dairy  cows 
of  different  productive  capacity  under  present  conditions  the  following  systems 
of  feeding  are  suggested : 


*  War  Time  Eations  for  Dairy  Cows,  Pacific  Eural  Press,  March  23,  1918; 
California  Cultivator,  April  20,  1918;  Feeding  of  Concentrates  should  Depend  on 
Capacity,  Pacific  Dairy  Eeview,  April  25,  1918. 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    DAIRY    COW    COMPETITION  187 

For  cows  producing  less  than  a  pound  of  butter  fat  a  day  (or  not  over  three 
gallons  of  milk  per  head)  : 

(1)  Thirty  pounds  of  alfalfa  hay  (or  all  they  will  eat). 

(2)  Eighteen  pounds  alfalfa  hay,  30  pounds  silage  (from  Indian  corn,  milo  or 
sweet  sorghum). 

For  cows  producing  over  a  pound  of  butter  fat  daily: 

(1)  Twenty -five  pounds  alfalfa  hay,  1  pound  of  concentrates  for  every  5 
pounds  of  milk  produced.  Concentrates  suggested:  Wheat  bran,  dried  beet  pulp, 
cocoanut  meal,  mixed  in  the  proportion  of  2:1:1  by  weight. 

(2)  Fifteen  pounds  alfalfa  hay,  25  pounds  silage,  the  same  grain  mixture  as 
above  in  a  somewhat  smaller  proportion,  say  1  pound  to  every  6  pounds  of  milk. 


1 

r'iiV.    »■'•-;!     ^ 

BISIW^^1  jjt                     ^^B^s^ 

^11 

m 
* 

.~  A. 

Fig.  16. — Princess  Zozo  Pontiac,  199936,  owned  by  Mrs.  Anita  M.  Baldwin, 
Santa  Anita.  Winner  of  fourth  prize,  Class  B,  for  the  highest  production  of 
butter  fat  by  a  cow  during  ten  consecutive  months,  16,533.2  lbs.  milk  and  587.169 
lbs.  butter  fat;   average  fat,  3.55  per  cent.      (Credited  production,  634.1  lbs.) 

Other  grain  mixtures  that  may  prove  economical  at  present  feed  prices,  under 
the  conditions  given,  are:  Wheat  bran  and  dried  beet  pulp,  equal  parts  by  weight. 
Wheat  bran,  cocoanut  meal,  3:1  by  weight.  Wheat  bran,  shorts  (or  middlings), 
ground  milo  (or  rolled  barley)  and  cocoanut  meal,  equal  parts  by  weight.  The 
relative  cost  of  these  feeds  will  largely  determine  the  kinds  and  proportions  of 
each  that  it  is  advisable  to  include  in  the  grain  mixture. 

If  grain  hay  is  fed  and  not  alfalfa,  either  of  the  above  mixtures  will  be 
improved  by  adding  about  a  pound  of  cottonseed  or  linseed  meal  per  head,  since 
it  is  necessary  in  this  case  to  supplement  the  low-protein  roughage  with  a  grain 
mixture  containing  some  high-protein  concentrate;  linseed  meal  is  too  expensive 
to  be  fed  to  dairy  cows  in  any  but  small  amounts,  but  cottonseed  meal  furnishes 
more  protein  for  the  money  and,  with  either  of  the  mixtures  given,  makes  a 
palatable  and  effective  grain  feed.  If  it  cannot  be  obtained,  wheat  bran  and 
cocoanut  meal  mixed  in  the  proportion  of  2  or  3:1,  by  weight,  will  make  a  good 
supplement  when  grain  hay  is  fed. 


188  UNIVERSITY  OF   CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 

DECREASE    IN    PRODUCTION    DURING    LACTATION    PERIOD 

The  purpose  of  the  competition  was  to  determine  the  production 
by  dairy  cows  of  different  kinds  in  the  state  under  as  nearly  normal, 
every-day  conditions  as  possible.  Except  for  the  delayed  breeding  or 
failure  to  breed  in  the  cases  of  about  24  per  cent  of  the  number  of 
cows  entered  (p.  164),  it  is  believed  that  the  production  by  the  cows 
represents  the  best  practice  of  California  dairy  farmers  and  breeders 
at  the  present  time.  As  such,  it  is  of  interest  to  ascertain  the  rate  of 
decrease  in  production  during  the  lactation  period  or  the  ten  months 
of  the  competition.  The  average  production  for  each  month  during 
the  period  was  accordingly  compiled  for  all  cows  that  were  entered, 
within  the  first  week  or  two  after  freshening,  and  that  finished  a  nine 
or  ten-month  record  period.  The  results  are  given  in  Table  XI  which 
also  shows  the  percentage  decrease  in  the  production  of  milk  and 
butter  fat  for  each  month  of  the  lactation  period. 

TABLE  XI 

Decrease  in  Production  During  Lactation  Period 


Ave. 

daily  prodi 

action 

No.  of 
cows 

Decrease  i 

n  production 

A 

Milk, 
lbs. 

Bu 

tter  fat, 

Lbs. 

Milk, 
Per  cent 

Butter  fat, 

Month 

lbs. 

per  cent 

r                                       -\ 
Lbs.      Per  cent 

1 

46.4 

1.95 

4.20 

236 

.... 

2 

46.7 

1.98 

4.24 

236 

.3* 

1* 

.03*            1* 

3 

42.6 

1.81 

4.25 

236 

4.1 

9 

.17             9 

4 

39.7 

1.72 

4.33 

236 

2.9 

7 

.09             5 

5 

36.8 

1.62 

4.40 

236 

2.9 

7 

.10             6 

0 

34.4 

1.52 

4.42 

236 

2.4 

7 

.10             6 

7 

31.3 

L42 

4.54 

236 

3.1 

9 

.10             7 

8 

28.0    ' 

1.29 

4.61 

236 

3.3 

11 

.13              9 

9 

25.5 

1.19 

4.67 

228 

2.5 

9 

JO              8 

10 

22.7 

1.07 

4.71 

149 

2.8 

11 

.12           10 

*  Increase. 

Average  distance  from  calving  at  beginning  of  first  month,  12  days. 

The  compilations  of  the  average  production  by  the  competition 
cows  for  the  different  months  given  in  the  table  show  that  the  236 
cows  in  milk  for  a  period  of  eight  months  or  more,  yielded  on  the 
average  46.4  pounds  (about  5y2  gallons)  of  milk  during  their  first 
month  in  the  competition  and  22.7  pounds  the  last  month ;  the  yield 
of  butter  fat  being  1.95  and  1.07  pounds  for  the  first  and  the  last 
month,  respectively.  During  the  second  month,  a  slightly  larger  pro- 
duction was  obtained  than  during  the  first  month,  but  with  the  third 
month  and  on,  a  somewhat  regular  decrease  in  production  occurred 


CALIFORNIA    STATE    DAIRY    COW    COMPETITION  189 

of  7  to  11  per  cent  in  milk  yield  and  5  to  10  per  cent  in  the  yield  of 
butter  fat,  the  more  rapid  decrease  occurring  toward  the  end  of  the 
record  period. 

Ten  months  after  freshening,  149  cows  still  yielded  an  average  of 
over  2y2  gallons  of  milk  and  a  pound  of  butter  fat  per  head  daily. 
These  cows  were  largely  pure-breds  on  Advanced-Registry  tests  for 
yearly  records  and  included  those  barred  from  competing  for  prizes 
on  account  of  not  being  bred  within  five  months  from  calving.  Nor- 
mally, they  would  be  well  along  in  the  gestation  period  at  the  end  of 
ten  months  and  their  milk  flow  would  have  gone  down  greatly  prior 
to  being  dried  off  during  the  following  month.  The  percentage  de- 
crease in  the  production  for  the  last  couple  of  months  given  in  the 


r 
i 

■ 
i 

wA 

~jt  - 

Fig.  17. — Group  of  grades  owned  by  Bohnett  Bros.,  Campbell.  Winner  of 
Pacific  Rural  Press  prize  for  December,  1916.  Average  production  of  butter  fat, 
49.319  lbs. 

table  is,  therefore,  considerably  lower  than  that  which  will  be  found 
in  the  case  of  cows  kept  under  normal  dairy  conditions  and  bred  so 
as  to  drop  a  calf  at  an  interval  of  about  a  year.  The  decrease  in  pro- 
duction obtained  for  the  earlier  part  of  the  lactation  period  is  similar 
to  that  found  elsewhere,5  and  shows  the  extent  to  which  good  dairy 
cows,  fed  and  cared  for  according  to  the  best  modern  dairy  methods, 
arc  able  to  maintain  their  production  during  the  progress  of  the 
lactation. 

GENERAL   DISCUSSION 

The  California  State  Dairy  Cow  Competition  was  conducted  by 
the  California  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  primarily  as  an 
educational  effort,  to  establish  the  value  of  production  records  of  dairy 


5  Wisconsin  Experiment  Station,  Bulletin  102,  Research  Bulletin  26;  Geneva 
(New  York)  Experiment  Station,  Report  1886,  21;  Kentucky  Experiment  Station, 
Bulletin   IOC. 


190  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 

cows  to  the  dairymen  of  the  state,  and  to  bring  home  to  them  the 
possibilities  of  good  cows,  whether  pure-breds  or  grades,  for  a  large 
dairy  production  under  California  conditions.  In  this  respect,  the 
competition  accomplished,  in  a  large  measure,  what  was  intended. 
The  records  of  production  published  each  month  throughout  the  com- 
petition period,  with  the  awards  of  monthly  prizes,  were  followed 
with  keen  interest,  not  only  by  those  participating  in  the  competition, 
but  by  all  interested  in  dairying  and  in  the  advancement  of  the  dairy 
industry  of  the  state. 

The  results  obtained  in  the  competition  show  the  quality  of  dairy 
cows  of  different  breeds  in  the  state,  and  what  can  be  accomplished 
under  our  conditions  by  intelligent  methods  of  feeding  and  manage- 
ment of  dairy  herds.  It  is  idle  to  speculate  on  what  it  would  mean  to 
the  state  if  all  our  cows  were  fed  and  handled  so  as  to  secure  the  best 
results  with  them,  or  better  still,  if  modern  dairy  methods  were 
adopted  in  the  management  of  all  dairy  herds.  Progress  in  matters 
of  this  kind  depends  on  many  factors,  some  of  them  beyond  human 
control,  and  is  therefore  necessarily  slow,  but  the  data  secured  in  the 
competition  clearly  indicate  the  road  to  progress,  and  a  study  of  the 
results  and  the  conditions  under  which  these  were  obtained,  as  sug- 
gested in  the  preceding  pages,  should  be  of  the  greatest  value  to  all 
dairy  farmers. 

The  records  made  by  the  pure-bred  cows  in  the  competition  show 
that  it  is  not  necessary  for  California  dairymen  to  go  outside  of  the 
state  for  breeding  stock,  because  cows  of  the  highest  type  and  pro- 
ductive capacity,  of  all  the  important  dairy  breeds,  are  found  within 
our  borders. 

The  production  by  the  grade  cows  in  the  competition  furnishes  a 
most  hopeful  illustration  of  the  value  of  the  methods  of  dairying  by 
which  advancement  may  be  made ;  first,  by  placing  a  good  pure-bred 
dairy  bull  at  the  head  of  the  herd ;  second,  by  production  tests  of  all 
cows  in  the  herd  and  subsequent  culling  out  of  those  that  do  not  yield 
enough  milk  to  be  profitable  dairy  animals ;  and  third,  by  feeding  the 
cows  liberally  throughout  the  year,  whether  dry  or  not,  so  that  they 
may  be  able  to  reach  the  largest  production  of  which  they  are  capable. 

In  this  work  of  herd  improvement,  the  standard  to  be  aimed  at 
will  vary  with  the  quality  of  the  herd ;  to  begin  with,  an  average  of  a 
pound  of  butter  fat  a  day  (or  2%  to  3  gallons  of  milk  of  average  fat 
content  a  day)  for  the  lactation  period  or  for  the  year  is  none  too 
high  under  present  conditions  of  high  wages  and  feed  prices.  This 
standard  may  be  gradually  raised  to  400  pounds  for  the  lactation 
period  for  all  mature  cows  and  possibly  for  all  the  cows  in  the  herd. 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    DAIRY    COW    COMPETITION  191 

That  such  an  average  production  is  within  the  reach  of  any  dairy 
farmer  who  is  ambitious  to  succeed  is  clearly  shown  by  the  results 
obtained  with  the  herds  in  the  cow-testing  associations  competing  for 
the  California  Cultivator  prizes.  Three  of  these  averaged  over  485 
pounds  of  butter  fat  during  the  year  for  all  cows  and  heifers  in  the 
herd  that  were  in  milk  for  six  months  or  more,  and  all  herds  yielded 
over  340  pounds  of  butter  fat,  the  herd  with  the  latter  average  pro- 
duction including  101  cows. 


Fig.  18.— Fern's  Silver  Kay,  305081,  owned  by  F.  H.  Van  Derpoel,  El  Centre 
Ten-month  record,  12,832.5  lbs.  milk,  668.541  lbs.  fat;  average  fat,  5.21  per  cent. 
Yearly  record,  A.  J.  C.  C,  779.544  lbs.  butter  fat. 

The  average  production  by  the  dairy  cows  in  the  state  at  present 
is  not  over  150  pounds  of  butter  fat  per  head  annually.  With  the 
dairy  herds  referred  to  showing  an  average  production  of  over  125 
per  cent  in  excess  of  this  average,  is  it  not  worth  while  for  owners  of 
average  dairy  herds  who  comprise  the  rank  and  file  of  our  dairymen, 
to  adopt  in  so  far  as  they  may,  similar  methods  to  those  followed 
by  the  breeders  and  dairymen  whose  cows  were  entered  in  the  compe- 
tition, and  thus  aim  at  increasing  the  production  of  the  herds  by  at 
least  50  per  cent  or  more.  Fifty  per  cent  of  150  is  75.  This  amount 
of  butter  fat  is  now  worth,  in  the  case  of  a  dairy  of,  say  25  cows,  over 
$900,  and  for  the  one-half  million  dairy  cows  that  furnish  the  state 


192 


UNIVERSITY  OF   CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 


with  its  dairy  products,  it  would  mean  an  increase  of  $18,500,000  in 
the  annual  income  from  our  dairies. 

The  objects  of  the  California  State  Dairy  Cow  Competition  will 
only  be  attained  when  the  results  reached  therein  will  convince  an 
ever-increasing  number  of  our  dairy  farmers  that  improvement  is 
possible  and  will  enable  them  to  realize  larger  returns  for  their  invest- 
ment and  labors  than  is  now  generally  the  case.  There  never  was  a 
greater  need  of  adopting  modern  methods  of  dairying  than  at  the 
present  time,  nor  better  chances  for  improvement,  as  farmers  may 
readily  profit  hy  the  wonderful  development  of  dairy  cattle  by  using 
pure-bred  bulls  in  their  herds.  The  striking  results  obtained  in  the 
competition  were  accomplished  through  this  and  other  simple  means, 
to  which  attention  has  been  called  in  the  preceding  pages.  The  three 
most  important  of  these  might  well  be  adopted  as  the  creed  of  the 
modern  dairy  farmer : 

A  pure-bred  dairy  bull  at  the  head  of  the  herd. 
Disposal  of  all " slackers"  in  the  herd. 

Feeding  the  cows  so  as  to  secure  the  highest  possible  production 
and  net  returns  from  the  herd. 


Fig.  19. — Willowmoor  Vesta  4th,  34150,  Ayrshire;  owned  by  E.  B.  McFarland, 
San  Mateo.  Winner  of  trophy  offered  by  Pacific  Eural  Press,  San  Francisco,  for 
the  highest  record  by  a  registered  Ayrshire  cow.  Production,  14  100.9  lbs.  milk, 
(512.057  lbs.  butter  fat;  average  per  cent  butter  fat,  4.24.  (Credit  for  production 
of  butter  fat,  661.0  lbs.) 


CALIFORNIA    STATE    DAIRY    COW    COMPETITION 


193 


APPENDIX 

Note. — Ays.,  Ayrshire;    G.,   Guernsey;    H.,   Holstein;    J.,   Jersey;    Gr.,   grade. 
B,  barred  from  competing  for  prizes  on  account  of  breeding  record. 

Explanation  of  Notes. — Star    (*)    indicates   8  months'   record;    the   dagger 
(t),  6%  months;   double  dagger   (I),  9  months;   section    (§),  7  months. 


Ten-Month  Records,  California  State  Dairy  Cow  Competition,  191G-1918 

Days  in 

milk  at 

Age,  beg.  of 

Owner  and  name  of  cow  Y-M  record 

Baldwin,  Mrs.  A.  M.,  Santa  Anita 

Alba  Sadie  Cornucopia 

Greetia,   H 7-4  7 

Mabel  Wyntje  2d,  H 9  6 

Princess  Zozo  Pontiac, 

H 4-4  6 

Rhedon  of  Bloom,  H 2-4  6 

Mabel   Aouda,   H 5-  3  6 

Beebe,  Floyd,  Esparto 

Blackie,  Gr.  J 7  5 

Irene,  Gr.  J 6  17 

Rosie,    Gr 11  5 

Mazie,  Gr.  J 6  7 

Tessie,  Gr.  J 2-11  12 

Little  Jersey,  Gr.  J. -H.  2-6  7 

Brownie,  Gr.  J 4  5 

Ruth,  Gr.  H 12  6 

Olga  Petrovia,  Gr.  J 4  6 

Jessie,   Gr.   J.-H 1-11  5 

Lena,  Gr.  H 1-11  5 

Toots,  Gr.  J.-D 2  17 

Bib  ens,  A.  M.,  Modesto 
Abbie  De  Kol  of  East 

Bank  II,  H 5-  3  5 

Holland  Aaggie  Belle 

Colantha,  H 7-9  5 

Leda   De   Kol    Ormsby, 

H 4-9  5 

Bohnett  Bros.,  Campbell 

Spot,  Gr.  J.-H 5  5 

Cecil,   Gr.   J.-H 3  6 

Tillie,  Gr.  H 7  10 

Flossy,  Gr.  J 9  5 

Dorris,  Gr.   H 7  60 

Murne,  Gr.  J 5  5 

Daisy,  Gr.  J 4  8 

Nancy,  Gr.  J 5  11 

Favne,  Gr.  J 6  5 

Reddie,   Gr.   S 7  8 

Baldy,  Gr.  J 2-  2  5 

Maud,  H.  Gr 6  5 

Alba,  Gr.  J 4  15 


Total 

Butter  fat 

credit  for 

Milk, 
lbs. 

lbs. 

ave.  % 

lbs. 

17,627.5 

632.136 

3.58 

632.1 

18,495.0 

631.874 

3.42 

631.9 

16,533.2 

587.169 

3.55 

634.1 

14,074.3 

582.976 

4.14 

757.9B 

16,741.1 

515.962 

3.08 

516.0 

11,663.5 

513.482 

4.40 

513.5 

11,109.9 

506.080 

4.56 

506.1 

13,710.0 

485.623 

3.54 

485.6B 

12,248.7 

447.135 

3.65 

447.1} 

11,073.2 

457.512 

4.13 

567.3B 

7,608.4 

407.699 

5.36 

505.5B 

10,183.5 

395.625 

3.88 

427.3B 

10,309.9 

393.897 

3.82 

393.9B 

9  391.4 

368.128 

3.92 

397.6B 

9,358.3 

325.736 

3.48 

423.5B 

7,803.5 

280.631 

3.60 

364.8 

7,321.4 

277.714 

3.79 

361.0 

18,360.7 

656.606 

3.58 

656.6 

19,530.8 

579.544 

2.97 

579.5 

15,527.1 

479.939 

3.09 

503.9 

10,135.6 

566.669 

5.59 

566.7 

7,650.0 

430.009 

5.62 

507.4 

12,373.2 

425.549 

3.43 

425.5 

9,010.2 

421.685 

4.68 

421.7 

9,563.1 

404.131 

4.23 

404.1 

7,430.5 

400.435 

5.39 

400.4 

8  537.2 

395.902 

4.64 

427.6 

8,627.2 

392.279 

4.55 

392.3 

9,525.4 

394.362 

4.14 

394.4 

8,161.3 

363.484 

4.45 

363.5B 

5,580.4 

277.684 

4.97 

361.0 

5,591.7 

273.240 

4.89 

273.2 

5,624.5 

226.237 

4.02 

244.3* 

194 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 


Days  in 

milk  at 

Age,  beg.  of 

Owner  and  name  of  cow  Y-M  record 

Bamberger,  J.  M.,  Modesto 

Eose,  Gr.  J 8  6 

Edith,  Gr.  J 5  8 

Lula,  Gr.  J 9  5 

Pansy,  Gr.  J 5  5 

Pedralida,    J 15  2 

Nina,  Gr.  J 7  5 

Pet  of  Green  Gold,  J...  3  20 

Hope  of  Green  Gold,  J.  2-10  5 
Loretta  of  Green  Gold, 

J 2-11  9 

Christen,  J.  M.,  Paoheco 
Aralia  De   Kol  Young- 

fer,  Gr.  H 3-7  5 

Marion    1st   De    Kol, 

Gr.    H 5  5 

Marion  2d  De  Kol, 

Gr.    H 3-10  5 

Snail  De  Kol,  Gr.  H 4  21 

Alcartra    Youngfer    De 

Kol,   Gr.    H 2-8  5 

Shilie  De  Kol,  Gr.  H 5  6 

Comedia  Soldene  Heng., 

H 8-10  6 

Mayflower    Walker,    Gr. 

H 6  5 

Gretchen  Sarcastic,  Gr. 

H 1-9  5 

Curly  Ear  De  Kol,  Gr. 

H 4  5 

Idlewild    Sarcastic,    Gr. 

H 2  16 

Black     Bird     De     Kol, 

Gr.    H 3  5 

Coppini,  J.  W.,  Ferndale 

Beauty  1st,  Gr.  J 8  5 

Lady  Mac,  Gr.  J 12  5 

Florinda,  Gr.  J 5-10  5 

Little    Surprise,    Gr.    J.  5-  1  5 

Princess  2d,  Gr.  J 6-10  5 

Gertie    Olga    of    Fern- 
dale,    J 3-11  5 

Marigold  Olga  Ann,  J.  7-11  5 

Beauty  2d,  Gr.  J 6  5 

Dina,  Gr.  J 8  5 

Grace,   Gr.   J 6  5 

Marigold    of    Fern.,  J...  5-1  5 

Olga  Fern  Smith,  J 5-11  5 

Eosalee,    Gr.    J 11  5 

Olga  Darling,  J 2-11  5 

Pride  of  California,  J.  3  5 

Bellina  Darling,  J 5-1  5 

Tormentor's  Easter 

Lily,    J 5  5 

Dandy,  Jr.,  Gr.  J 2  5 

Melia  Olga  Pogis,  J 2-11  5 

Rosette,  Gr.  J 5  5 

Little  Glynlyn,  J 6-8  5 


Total 

Butter  fat 

credit  for 

Milk, 
lbs. 

lbs. 

ave.  % 

lbs. 

10,458.9 

520.161 

4.97 

520.1 

10,704.2 

496.787 

4.54 

496.8 

10,440.3 

487.561 

4.67 

487.6 

9,730.0 

486.248 

5.00 

486.2 

8,089.4 

439.282 

5.43 

439.3 

7,640.2 

405.276 

5.30 

405.3 

5,567.7 

353.615 

6.17 

417.3 

5,718.5 

334.509 

5.85 

415.1 

5,111.1         330.760         6.47 


410.1 


6,261.6 

284.740 

4.55 

327.5 

6,967.5 

269.450 

3.87 

269.5 

6,981.3 

237.455 

3.40 

273.1 

5,272.9 

235.788 

4.47 

254.7J 

5,777.8 

230.791 

3.99 

286.2 

5,182.3 

225.529 

4.35 

225.5* 

6,663.4 

220.585 

3.31 

220.6* 

6,014.8 

198.872 

3.36 

198.9B 

5,340.2 

192.086 

3.60 

249.7 

6,242.6 

174.631 

2.80 

188.6 

4,149.6 

144.337 

3.48 

187.6J 

4,043.6 

136.128 

3.37 

160.6 

9,792.7 

589.548 

6.02 

589.5 

.2,474.4 

583.704 

4.67 

583.7 

9,076.7 

568.680 

6.27 

568.7 

9,629.9 

559.215 

5.81 

559.2 

9,820.3 

550.929 

5.53 

550.9 

8,888.9 

500.993 

5.64 

576.1 

9,104.6 

495.017 

5.44 

495.0 

8,991.9 

494.711 

5.50 

494.7 

8,765.3 

492.163 

5.61 

492.2 

9,113.6 

490.838 

5.39 

490.8 

8,167.1 

487.259 

5.97 

487.3 

8,358.3 

472.362 

5.65 

472.4 

7,281.9 

466.181 

6.40 

466.2 

7,364.8 

441.642 

6.00 

547.6 

7,028.1 

435.815 

6.20 

514.3 

7,668.7 

426.849 

5.56 

426.8 

6,926.6 

415.515 

6.00 

415.5 

6,978.7 

409.735 

5.87 

532.7 

6,622.4 

382.319 

5.77 

474.1 

5,586.9 

319.367 

5.72 

319.4 

5,795.6 

300.378 

5.18 

300.4 

I);i\  .s  in 
milk  at 
beg.  of 

record 

Milk, 
lbs. 

Buttei 

A 

•  fat 

Total 

credit  for 

butter  fat, 

lbs. 

lbs. 

ave.  % 

3 

10,707.3 

632.140 

5.89 

783.9B 

23 

11,072.9 

589.110 

5.32 

695.2B 

26 

7,859.5 

474.045 

0.29 

.    588.6B 

5 
6 
5 
5 

1  1 ,855.0 

10,083.8 

8,852.4 

7,943.4 

608.893 
532.7(56 
476.323 
400.395 

5.14 
5.28 

5.38 
5.04 

608.9B 
575.4 
476.3 
400.4B 

5 
5 

6,782.5 
7,558.9 

370.501 
348.023 

5.46 

4.61 

400.1 
348.0 

CALIFORNIA    STATE    DAIRY    COW    COMPETITION  1!).") 


Age, 
Owner  and  name  of  cow  Y—M 

Dupee,  W.  H.,  Santee 

Jesebel  of  Edgemoor,  G.     2-  7 

Imp.   Snowdrop   HI    of 
Havilland,    G 3 

Jessy  Rose  of  Edge- 
moor,    G 2-  8 

Elliott -Brant  llanclio 

Butternut  Queen,  G 8-  1 

Little  Beauty  2d,  G 4-  1 

Elsie  Argie  Granger,  G.     5 

Vietime   of   Iowa,    G 5-  2 

Xcrio's    Elsie    Granger, 
G 4-  1 

Lady  Red  2d,  G 11 

Imp.  Hayes  Sweet  Mar- 
joram,   V,    G 3-10         5  7,234.2         336.601         4.65         387.1  B 

GiCioe,  C.  B.,  Bel  Mar 
Yeksa   Poppy    of   Bella 

Vista,   G...'. 4 -  7 

Golden  Buttercup  of 

Bella  Vista,  G 4-  3 

Lita  of  Bella  Vista,  G.  2-  3 

Gross,  H.  G.,  Eureka 
Cynthia  of  Butter  Val- 
ley,   J 3-  6 

Marian  of  Butter  Val- 
ley         4-10 

Old 's    Golden    Eminent, 

J 3-11 

Undulata  Gussie  Lee,  J.  3-11 
Butter  Valley  Tulip  J.  2-  8 
Fairy  Lad's  Mabel  2d, 

J 3-11 

King's  Lady  Maggie,  J.  7-  3 
Butter    Valley    Maggie, 

J. 2-  8 

Guise,  H.  J.,  Davis 

Guise  Beauty,  Gr.   J.....     5 
Henderson,  J.  W.,  Berkeley 

Clementine  Mabel,  G 11-11 

Kitchener's    Clementine 

of  Belle  Vista,  G 2-  1 

Raneho    Morning    Rose, 

G 4-  8 

Golden   Idelia   of   Belle 

Vista,   G 3-  4 

Hewins,  Homer,  Calistoga 

Pauline  of  Broom,  H...     6-  7 
Silver  Gloss  Poplar  2d, 
H.   ..: 7 

Hollow-Hill  Farm,  Colton 

Imp.  Britleware  Mistle- 
toe,   G 4-  9 

Imp.  Cherry  of  the 

Effords   III,   G 4-  7 


10 

7,038.4 

301.216 

4.28 

316.3 

13 

5 

6,009.9 

5,158.7 

292.854 
284.897 

4.87 
5.13 

316.3 
344.4 

5 

8,126.4 

390.186 

4.80 

460.4 

5 

6,905.3 

375.804 

5.44 

394.6 

37 
62 

5,005.1 

5  772.8 
4  902.7 

304.048 
286.592 
283.931 

6.07 
4.96 
5.79 

349.7 
329.6 
352.1B 

24 

5 

4,041.7 
5  815.6 

276.639 
275.227 

6.85 
4.73 

318.1 

275.2* 

44 

4,608.7 

259.157 

5.62 

321.4 

9 

7,643.4 

430.016 

5.63 

430.0B 

10 

10,957.8 

495.275 

4.52 

495. 3B 

5 

11,336.9 

445.220 

3.93 

578.8B 

5 

9,048.0 

406.207 

4.49 

426.5 

5 

7  597.0 

388.654 

4.85 

435.0 

8 

9,735.7 

361.300 

3.71 

361.31 

5 

9,042.9 

328.386 

3.63 

328.4§ 

6 

12,691.2 

651.403 

5.13 

68+.0B 

20 

13  081.8 

614.841 

4.69 

01 5.0 B 

196 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 


Age, 

Owner  and  name  of  cow  Y— M 

Hollow-Hill  Farm,  Colton 

No.  458,  Gr.  G 5-  2 

No.  811,  Gr.  G 4 

No.  459,  Gr.  G 6 

No.  481,  Gr.  G 5-  2 

No.  812,  Gr.  G 4 

No.  482,  Gr.  G 4-  9 

Imp.    Brittleware    Wild 

Eose,  G 4-11 

No.  476,  Gr.  G 5-  1 

No.  480,  Gr.  G 4-  9 

No.  460,  Gr.  G 

No.  485,  Gr.  G 4-  5 

No.  478,  Gr.  G 4-11 

Iversen,  Iver,  Areata 

Eoan  Cow,  Gr.  G 7 

Donahue,  Gr.   H 7 

Little  Eed  Cow,  Gr.   J.  7 

Bony,  Gr.  J 5-11 

Babe,  Gr.  J 6 

Little  Guernsey,  Gr.   G.  9 

Jeffrey's  Brownie  Gr.  J.  7 

Kern's  Holstein,  Gr.  H.  10 

MacFarland,   Gr.    G 3 

Little  Browne,  Gr.  J 8 

Big  Brindle,  Gr.  J 5 

Silky,    Gr.    J 3 

Foster's  Jersey,   Gr.  J.  5 
-Foster 's  Brindle  Jersey, 

Gr.  J 5 

Anderson's  Spotted,  Gr. 

G 5 

Kell,  F.  J.,  Stockton 

Creamcup  Poybe,  H. 5-10 

McFarland,  E.  B.,  San  Mateo 
Willowmoor   Vesta   4th, 

Ayr 4-  5 

Mealey,  S.  A.,  Gridley 

Beauty,    Gr.    H 5 

Miller,  Guy  H.,  Modesto 

Goldie  of  Venadera,  J.  7-  1 

Lorita  of  Venadera,  J.  10-  2 

Juanita  of  Venadera,  J.  8-  7 

Gladys  of  Venadera,  J.  4-  7 

Lorna  of  Venadera,   J.  12-  8 

Pearl  of  Venadera,  J...  10-  6 

Fern  of  Venadera,  J 5-  4 

Annette  of  Venadera,  J.  6-  7 

Wanda  of  Venadera,  J.  10-  3 

Zama    of    Venadera,    J.  1-11 

Stella   of   Venadera,   J.  3-  1 

Lora  of  Venadera,  J 2-  2 

Martha  of  Venadera,  J.  2 


Days  in 

Total 

milk  at 

Butter  fa 

credit  for 

beg.  of 
record 

Milk 

lbs. 

lbs. 

ave.  % 

lbs. 

5 

8,794.8 

563.643 

6.41 

563.6B 

16 

11,561.2 

558.024 

4.83 

602.7 

9 

8,804.0 

527.407 

5.99 

527.4 

10 

8,564.5 

497.852 

5.81 

497.9B 

18 

9,380.7 

489.422 

5.22 

528.6B 

5 

8,942.8 

466.496 

5.22 

489.8 

7 

8,597.8 

461.522 

5.37 

484.6B 

8 

10,704.4 

455.735 

4.26 

455.7 

6 

9,680.3 

436.302 

4.51 

458.1 

6 

8,196.9 

398.762 

4.86 

398.8 

15 

7,387.7 

389.744 

5.27 

420.9 

13 

5,039.0 

272.627 

5.41 

286.3* 

13 

13,179.4 

685.840 

5.20 

685.8 

5 

14,207.7 

573.677 

4.04 

573.7 

14 

11,359.0 

571.621 

5.03 

571.6 

19 

9,553.7 

567.601 

5.94 

567.6 

16 

10,313.4 

562.571 

5.45 

562.6 

10 

10,767.1 

555.736 

5.16 

555.7 

15 

9,939.4 

544.439 

5.48 

544.4 

10 

10,608.2 

532.995 

5.02 

533.0 

18 

10,079.2 

517.201 

.    5.13 

610.3 

7 

8,522.5 

494.721 

5.80 

494.7 

17 

9,979.4 

487.788 

4.89 

487.8 

12 

8,911.3 

473.966 

5.32 

559.3 

15 

7,516.6 

432.528 

5.75 

432.5 

16 

8,949.8 

401.221 

4.48 

401.2 

14 

8,872.3 

398.081 

4.49 

398.1 

7 

16,562.7 

521.357 

3.15 

521.4 

64         14,100.9 


45 


12  840.1 


612.057 


465.950 


4.34 


3.62 


661.0B 


466.0B 


5 

10,725.2 

515.822 

4.80 

515.8 

5 

7,730.2 

470.449 

6.08 

470.4 

6 

7,157.7 

448.833 

6.25 

448.8B 

5' 

7,140.9 

438.461 

6.14 

460.4B 

5 

8,987.8 

438.305 

4.87 

438.3 

64 

7,186.9 

433.288 

6.02 

433.3 

5 

7,008.4 

330.876 

4.72 

330.9 

5 

8,431.3 

422.151 

5.01 

422.2 

72 

6,706.4 

416.319 

6.20 

416.3 

5 

6,722.1 

330.823 

4.92 

430.1 

31 

6290.1 

319.472 

5.08 

377.1 

67 

6,522.4 

308.788 

4.73 

401.4B 

12 

4,671.4 

267.348 

5.72 

347.6 

California  State  dairy  cow  competition  197 

Days  in  Total 

milk  at  butter  fat  credit  for 

Age,      beg.  of  Milk,  n A ^  butter  fat, 

Owner  and  name  of  cow            Y-M       record  lbs.                     lbs.             ave.  %           lbs. 

A.  W.  Morris  4-  Sons  Corp.,  Woodland 

Aaggie  Acme  of  Kiver- 

side  2d,  H 6-1  5         22,087.7         928.813         4.21         928.8B 

Aralia  De  Kol  Mead,  H.     5-  7         5         19,844.7         829.681         4.19         829.7B 

Miss  Valley  Mead  DeK. 

Walker,   H 3-  4       30         20,690.3         819.421         3.96         966.9 

Pauline  Creamelle  Mer- 
cedes, H 8-7         5         22,814.2         759.761         3.33         759.8 

Hartog  Creamelle  De 

Kol,    H 7-5         5         24,201.7         758.086         3.13         758.1 

Aralia  De  Kol  3rd,  H.     6-  2         5         21,244.3         753.126         3.55         753.1B 

Margaret  Aralia  De 

Kol,    H 5-6         5         18,462.4         745.761         4.04         745.8B 

Lady  Mead  Salambo,  H.     6-  7,         5         19,511.6         662.071         3.39         662.1B 

Aralia  De  Kol  Pontiac 

Mead,  H 2-7         5         15,925.2         628.270         3.95         779.0 

Miss  Dutch  2d,  H 4-8         5         16,082.9         557.493         3.47         585.4 

Miss   Gelsche  Walker 

Korndyke,  H 2-4         6         14,757.4         526.472         3.57         684.4 

Linden  Spoff  ord  Walker, 

H 2-1         6         14,447.6         508.615         3.52         661.2B 

Heil  Pontiac  Mech- 

thilde,    H 6  5  15,129.3         502.674         3.32         502.7 

Aralia    Meade    Pontiac 

De  Kol,  H 2-7         5         15,534.2         484.412         3.11         600.7 

Cobossie  Korndyke 

Burke,    H 2-3         5         13,834.4         441.716         3.19         574.2 

Queen  Pontiac  Char- 
lotte,   H 5  5         12,671.0         421.827         3.33         421.8 

Creamcup  Electra  Pon- 
tiac 2d,  H 2-11         5         12,964.4         409.235         3.16         507.5 

Napa  State  Hospital,  Napa 
N.  S.  H.  Monte  1st,  Gr. 

H 6  7  20,596.4  762.287  3.70  762.3 

No.  15,  Gr.  H 6  5  17,278.9  605.724  3.51  605.7 

No.    29,   Gr.    H 5  5  14,474.1  526.479  3.64  526.5B 

N.   S.   H.  Brownie,   Gr. 

H 6-  7       20  15,872.1  497.165  3.13  497.2 

N.  S.  H.  Beauty,  Gr.  H.  3  11  14,292.0  491.345  3.43  565.0 

No.  68,  Gr.  H 4  11  17,369.0  487.492  2.81  526.5 

N.  S.  H.  Queen,  Gr.  H.  7  31  15,665.8  485.519  3.09  485.5 

No.    30,   Gr.   H 4  49  14,907.8  485.073  3.25  523.9 

Shy  Lady,  Gr.  H 3  11  15,357.5  459.204  3.02  541.9 

Lady  Ormsby  Burke,  H.  3-11       15  14,216.3.  458.883  3.23  527.7B 

No.   67,   Gr.   H 4  15  12,004.2  451.579  3.76  487.7* 

PaZo  Alto  Stock  Farm,  Palo  Alto 
Eoxie     Pauline     Burke 

Hengerveld,  H 6-3         5         21,871.2         809.780         3.70         809.8B 

Jennie  Terzool  Hicks  4th, 

H 7-9         5         21,445.0         764.938         3.57         764.9 

Imp.   President 's  Doris 

of  Lewison,  G 7  7         13,482.3         690.160         5.12         690.2B 

May   Wa   Wa   De   Kol 

Burke,    H 6-11         5         21,305.6         668.303         3.14         668.3B 

Kitchener's  Dainty 

Lass,  G 5-7         5         11,443.1         644.103         5.63         644.1B 

Ninette  Aine  Pauline,  H.     5-  1         6         16,689.5         603.615         3.62        603.6fB 


1 9<S 


UNIVERSITY  OF   CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 


Days  in                                          Butter  fat  Total 

milk  at  , *> ^  credit  for 

Age.  beg.  of  Milk,  butter  fat, 

Owner  and  name  of  cow             Y-M  record  lbs.                     lbs.  ave.  %  lbs. 
Palo  Alto  Stock  Farm 
Mysie's    Jane    of    Alta 

Visto,    G 7  7  13,065.2  586.913  4.49  586.9B 

Imp.    England 's    Lady 

Orange,    G 5-  6  15  11,320.0  585.818  5.18  585.8 

Mousie  De  Kol  Lady  2d, 

H. 5-  8  10  18,639.6  540.329  2.89  540.3B 

Sieg's  Finale,  G 7-  8  5  10,488.5  460.719  4.39  460.7 

Southern  Cal.  State  Hospital,  Patton 

No.    97,   Gr.   H 4  54  12,467.9  440.252  3.53  462.3 

No.    28,   Gr.    H 10  62  12,003.0  424.153  3.53  424.2 

No.    33,   Gr.    H 7  56  12,918.1  405.370  3.14  405.4 

No.    68,   Gr.    H 7  15  11,338.9  377.738  3.33  377.7 

No.    113,   Gr.    H 3  26  10,793.8  366.035  3.39  420.9 

No.    119,   Gr.    H 3  113  10,729.1-  325.484  3.03  374.3 

No.    110,   Gr.    H 3  19  10,208.5  303.766  2.98  349.3 

No.    106,   Gr.    H 4  21  8,987.7  288.455  3.21  302.9 

Stcnzel,  F.,  San  Lorenzo 

Alice,   Gr.   H 5  5  20,099.4  729.188  3.63  729.2 

Blackie,   Gr.   H 5  16  18,130.2  621.245  3.43  621.2 

Hilde,    Gr.    H..... 5  17  18,298.6  616.518  3.37  616.5 

Janette,   Gr.   H 5  11  18,141.3  577.791  3.19  577.8 

Rosa,    Gr.    H 5  16  15,418.9  515.661  3.34  515.7 

Fannie,    Gr.    H 5  27  15,952.2  496.312  3.11  496.3B 

Spot  Teat,  Gr.  H 3  20  14,812.9  485.496  3.28  572.9B 

Rumpy,    Gr.    H 5  9  16,054.0  473.132  2.95  473.1 

Carmelita,   Gr.   H 3  28  13,154.4  471.265  3.58  556.1 

Spot,    Gr.    H 3  13  14,027.2  453.335  3.23  534.9 

Brownie,    Gr.    H... 5  12  12,424.7  448.896  3.61  448.9 

Dixie,   Gr.  H 3  5  13,563.7  436.599  3.22  515.2 

Trigg,  G.  E.,  Femdale 

Brindle,  Gr.  J 8  5  13,425.6  632.443  4.71  632.4 

Queen,  Gr.  J 5  10,260.0  595.333  5.80  595.3 

Vaida,  Gr.  J 5  9,884.1  576.136  5.82  576.1 

Irene,    Gr.    J 5  9,582.9  569.575  5.94  569.6 

Reddy,  Gr.  J 5  11,801.9  565.750  4.79  565.8 

Mabel,  Gr.  J 5  9,947.1  558.511  5.61  558.5 

Martha,  Gr.  J 9  5  9,979.1  555.530  5.57  555.5 

Fanny,    Gr.    J 5  8,501.5  554.491  6.52  554.5 

Lady   Fern,   Gr.   J 5  8,505.4  532.303  6.25  532.3 

Beauty,  Gr.  J 11  5  8,695.0  503.947  5.80  503.9 

Juanita,    Gr.    J 2-  8  8  8,199.1  501.589  6.12  622.1 

Frances,   Gr.   J 5  9,488.6  498.477  5.26  498.5 

Betsv,   Gr.    J 11  5  9,482.6  484.515  5.11  484.5 

Hilda,   Gr.   J 5  7,319.3  475.427  6.50  475.4 

Bonnie,  Gr.   J 2-  1  5  7,507.3  464.266  6.18  575.7 

University  Farm,  Davis 
Interested  Jap  's  Santa, 

J 4-2  5  12,108.5 

Korndyke    Senorita,    H.     6-  2  5  18,111.0 
Pietertje  Lorena  Korn- 
dyke,   H 4-  2  5  16,272.3  545.084  3.35  588.7B 

Mermaiden's   Fern,   J...     8-  2  5  9,920.3  527.388  5.32  527.4B 

Cherry,   Gr.    S 5  11,611.1  464.078  4.00  464.1B 

Fern  Ridge  Pearl,  G 7-  3  6  8  262.0  451.782  5.47  451.8B 

Meridale  Jap 's  Nora,  J.     4-6  5  8,114.2  429.876  5.27  451.4B 


703.369         5.49         759.6B 
638.050         3.52         638.1B 


Age. 
Owner  and  name  of  cow  Y-M 

University  Farm,  Davis 

Langwater    York    Rose, 

G !..     9-  6 

Agnes   Colantha,   IT 5-  3 

Willowmoor  Cherry, 

Ayr 7-  6 

California    Inka    Colan- 
tha, H 3-  3 

University  La  Polka 

Lady,   H 9-  4 

Queen  of  Hopland,  H...   10-  2 

California    Juliana    De 

Kol,    II 2-  9 

California  Jap's   Nora, 

J 2-  1 

Van  Derpoel,  F.  B.,  El  Centra 

Fern's  Silver  Eay,  J 7-11 

Fern's  Lowland  Lassie, 

J 7-  8 

Fern's   Svlvana,  J 8-  6 

Fern's  May  Be    J 7-  6 

Lowland  Lad's  Lily,  J.  12-11 

Welch,  A.  J.,  Redwood  City 
Imp.     Acadia    of    Lin- 
wood,    G 4-  2 

Imp.  Amy  of  Ore  Hill,  G.     4-  2 
Imp.  Alcia  of  Linwood, 

G 4-  8 

Imp.    Governor    of    the 
Chene  's  Herald 

Queen,    G 4-  2 

Raymond 's  Lily  of  St. 

Savior's,    G 5-  1 


TE    DAIRY    COW 

COMPETITION 

1!)!) 

Davs  in 
milk  at 
beg.  of 
record 

Milk. 
lbs. 

Butter  fat 

A 

Total 
credit  for 
butter  fat, 

lbs. 

lbs. 

ave.  % 

5 
9 

10,584.7 
10,355.2 

428.959 
404.296 

4.05 
3.84 

429.0B 
404.3 

29 

8,236.7 

381.195 

4.63 

381.2 

5 

8,452.4 

341.706 

4.04 

403.2 

6 
5 

9,506.4 
8,661.0 

334.206 
302.618 

3.52 
3.49 

334.2B 
302.6t 

5 

7,318.8 

286.506 

3.91 

355.3 

29 

3,761.2 

216.628 

5.76 

281.6*B 

5 

12,832.5 

668.541 

5.21 

668.5B 

5 
5 
5 
5 

9,569.0 
7,464.5 
8,578.3 
8  021.9 

441.040 
427.384 
420.568 
413.292 

4.61 
5.73 
4.90 
5.15 

441. 0B 
427.4 
420.6 
413.3B 

5 

7 

8,570.7 
8  094.7 

531.474 

437.887 

6.20    - 
5.41 

574.1 
472.9 

38 


8,852.7 

9,286.8 
9,040.0 


489.728         5.53 

431.545  4.65 

411.551  4.55 


514.2 

466.1 
411.6 


AWARD  OF  PRIZES  IN  THE  CALIFORNIA  STATE  DAIRY  COW 
COMPETITION,  1916-18 


Note. — Heifers  and  cows  below  five  years  old  were  allowed  credits  of  5  to  30 
per  cent,  according  to  their  age,  so  as  to  make  the  production  comparable  in  all 
cases  (p.  163). 

Many  cows  were  barred  from  consideration  in  the  award  of  prizes  on  account 
of  not  being  safely  in  calf  before  the  end  of  the  fifth  month  after  calving  (p.  164). 

1.  Herd  Prices. — For  Hie  highest  production  of  butter  fat  by  ten  cows  in  a  hod 
during  ten  consecutive  months. 


Class  A,  Jerseys  or  Guernseys. 

1st  prize,  $300.     J.  W.  Coppini,  Ferndale 435.85 

2nd     "         200.     Guy   H.   Miller,  Modesto 394.49 

Class  B,  Holsteins. 

1st  prize,  $300.     A.  W.  Morris  &  Sons'  Corp.,  Wood- 
land         588.75 


Lbs.  butter  fat 
Actual  Credit 

470.95 
418.18 


671.86 


200  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 

Class  C,  Other  breeds  and  grades. 

1st  prize,  $300.     G.  E.  Trigg,  Ferndale 557.36  580.54 

2nd     "        200.     Iver  Iversen,  Areata 558.56  576.41 

3rd     "         100.     F.  Stenzel,  San  Lorenzo 534.36  558.86 

4th     "  50.     J.  W.  Coppini,  Ferndale 520.57  532.86 

2.  Individual  Prizes. — For  the  highest  production  of  butter  fat  by  a  cow  during 
ten  consecutive  months. 
Class  A,  Jerseys  or  Guernseys. 

1st  prize,  $200.     Palo  Alto   Stock  Farm,  Palo   Alto 

(Imp.    England's   Lady    Orange, 

(G.)     585.82  585.82 

2nd     "        100.     J.    W.    Coppini,    Ferndale    (Gertie 

Olga  of  Ferndale,  J.)  500.99  576.14 

3rd      "  50.     Elliott-Brant   Rancho,    Owensmouth 

(Little  Beauty  2d,  G.) 532.77  575.39 

4th     "  25.     A.   J.   Welch,   Redwood   City,   Imp. 

(Acadia  of  Linwood,  G.) 531.47  573.99 

Class  B,  Holsteins. 
.  1st  prize,  $200.     A.  W.  Morris  &  Sons '  Corp.,  Wood- 
land (Miss  Valley  Mead  De  Kol 

Walker)    819.42  966.92 

2nd     "         100.     Palo  Alto   Stock   Farm,   Palo   Alto 

(Jennie  Terzool  Hicks  4th) 764.94  764.94 

3rd     "  50.     A.  M.  Bibens,  Modesto    (Abbie  De 

Kol  of  East  Bank  2d)  656.61  656.61 

4th      "  25.     Mrs.     Anita     M.     Baldwin,     Santa 

Anita  (Princess  Zozo  Pontiac)  ..       587.17  634.14 

Class  C,  Other  breeds  and  grades. 

1st  prize,  $200.     Napa  State  Hospital,  Napa   (Monte 

1st,  Gr.  H.)  762.29  762.29 

2nd     "        100.     F.     Stenzel,    San    Lorenzo     (Alice, 

Gr.  H.)  729.19  729.19 

3rd     "  50.     Iver    Iversen,    Areata    (Roan    Cow, 

Gr.  J.)    685.84  685.84 

4th     "  25.     G.    E.    Trigg,    Ferndale     (Brindle, 

Gr.  J.)    632.44  632.44 


Special  Prizes 
A.     Pure-bred  Bull  Calves 

1.  For  the  highest  average  production  of  butter  fat  during  ten  consecutive  months, 
by  a  grade  herd  of  ten  to  twenty-five  cows  headed  by  a  pure-bred  sire. 
Choice  of  an  Ayrshire,  Guernsey,  Holstein.  or  Jersey  bull  calf,  offered  respec- 
tively by  J.  W.  Clise,  Seattle;  A.  B.  Humphrey,  Mayhews;  K.  W.  Abbott, 
Milpitas,  and  N.  B.  Locke  Co.,  Lockeford. 

Lbs.  butter  fat 
Actual  Credit 

1st  prize,  F.  Stenzel,  San  Lorenzo 534.36  558.86 

2nd     "      G.  E.  Trigg,  Ferndale* 537.88  553.3 

3rd     "      Iver  Iversen,  Areata 519.99  531.9 

4th      "      J.   W.   Coppini,  Ferndale 502.28  513.5, 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    DAIRY    COW    COMPETITION  201 

2.  For  the  highest  average  production  of  butter  fat  during  ten  consecutive  months, 

by  a  grade  herd  of  more  than  ten  cows,  headed  by  a  pure-bred  sire. 

Choice  of  an  Ayrshire,  Guernsey,  or  Jersey  bull  calf,  donated  respectively  by 
E.  B.  McFarland,  San  Francisco ;f  W.  A.  Saylor,  San  Francisco;  C.  G. 
McFarland,  Tulare  ;f  and  of  $100  worth  in  pure-bred  Guernsey  or  Hamp- 
shire males,  donated  by  Dr.  J.  W.  Henderson,  Berkeley. 

Lbs.  butter  fat 
Actual  Credit 

1st  prize,  Bohnett  Bros.,  Campbell 384.02  401.56 

2nd     "      J.  M.  Christen,  Pacheco 219.37  242.29 

B.     Milking  Machines,  Cream  Separators,  Feed 

3.  For  the  two  herds  having  the  largest  and  next  to  the  largest  number  of  cows 

producing  over  300  pounds  of  butter  fat  in  ten  consecutive  months. 

Two  prizes,  choice  of  a  two-unit  outfit  of  the  ' '  Calf -Way ' '  Milker,  donated  by 
the  "Calf -Way"  Milker  Co.,  Chicago,  and  a  two-unit  Sharpies  Mechanical 
Milker,  donated  by  the  Sharpies  Separator  Co.,  West  Chester. 
1st  prize,  J.  W.  Coppini,  Ferndale,  21  records. 
2nd     "      G.  E.  Trigg,  Ferndale,  15  records. 

4.  For  the  highest  average  production  of  butter  fat  by  ten  cows  in  a  grade  herd. 

Five  prizes  (winner  of  first  three  cash  prizes  barred),  choice  of 

A  No.  35  Iowa  Cream  Separator,  capacity  850  pounds  per  hour,  donated  by 

the  Associated  Manufacturers  Co.,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 
A  No.  5  Simplex  Cream  Separator,  capacity  500  pounds  per  hour,  donated 

by  Baker-Hamilton  &  Pacific  Co.,  San  Francisco. 
A  No.  6  Anker-Holth  Cream  Separator,  capacity  600  pounds,  donated  by 

Anker-Holth  Mfg.  Co.,  Port  Huron,  Mich. 
A  M-2  Baltic  Cream  Separator,  donated  by  the  Empire  Cream  Separator 

Co.,  Bloomfield,  N.  J.,  capacity  300  pounds  per  hour.f 
A  No.  2  Primrose  Cream  Separator,  donated  by  the  International  Harvester 

Company  of  America,  San  Francisco.f 

Ave.  lbs.  butter  fat 
Actual  Credit 

1st  prize,  J.   W.   Coppini,   Ferndale 520.57  532.86 

2nd     "      Bohnett    Bros.,    Campbell 410.87  430.10 

3rd     "      J.  M.  Christen,  Pacheco 219.37  242.29 

5.  For  the  highest  average  production  of  three  cows  in  the  same  herd,  two  and 

one-half  years  to   three  and  one-half   years  old  at   the   beginning  of   the 
competition. 

A  No.  15  De  Laval  Cream  Separator,  capacity  675  pounds,  donated  by  the 
De  Laval  Dairy  Supply  Co.,  San  Francisco. 

Ave.  lbs.  butter  fat 
Actual  Credit 

A.  W.  Morris  &  Sons  Corp.,  Woodland 644.03  782.21 

6.  For  the  highest  production  of  butter  fat  during  ten  consecutive  months  by  a 

cow  entered  in  the  Competition. 

*  Calf  donated  by  N.  B.  Locke  Co.  turned  over  by  Mr.  Trigg  to  be  sold  at 
auction  for  the  benefit  of  the  Bed  Cross  Society  at  University  Farm  Picnic,  April 
20,  1918. 

f  Prizes  were  turned  over  by  donors  to  be  sold  at  auction  for  the  benefit  of  the 
Bed  Cross  Society,  at  University  Farm  Picnic,  April  20,  1918. 


202  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA — EXPERIMENT  STATION 

Five  tons  of  Larrowe's  Dried  Beet  Pulp  offered  by  the  Larrowe  Milling  Co., 

Los  Angeles  (provided,  that  if  the  winner  of  this  prize  consumed  not  less 

than  one-half  ton  of  Larrowe's  Dried  Beet  Pulp  in  her  ration  during  the 

record  period,  the  quantity  to  be  awarded  shall  be  increased  to  fifteen  tons). 

Ave.  lbs.  butter  fat 
Actual  Credit 

A.  W.  Morris  &  Sons  Corp.,  Woodland,  Miss  Valley 

Mead  De   Kol  Walker 819.42    "         966.92 

C.     Cash  Prizes 

7.  For  the  highest  production  of  butter  fat  during  ten  consecutive  months  by  five 

cows  in  a  herd. 

Three  prizes:    $150  each   for    (a)    pure-bred  cows,    (6)    grade  cows,    (c)    cows 

irrespective  of  their  breeding,  offered  by  the  Country  Life  Department  of 

the  Sacramento  Bee,  Sacramento. 

Ave.  lbs.  butter  fat 
Actual  Credit 

(a)   Pure-bred    cows,    A.    W.    Morris    &    Sons    Corp., 

Woodland 698.40  789.65 

(/;)    Grade  cows,  F.  Stenzel,  San  Lorenzo 603.20  620.17 

(c)   Cows  irrespective  of  their  breeding,  Iver  Iversen, 

Areata  583.19  583.19 

8.  For  the  highest  and  next  to  the  highest  production  of  butter  fat  during  ten 

consecutive  months  by  a  cow  in  the  Imperial  Valley. 

Two  prizes,  $25  and  $15,  offered  by  Barber  &  Thomson  Co.,  Los  Angeles. 

Ave.  lbs.  butter  fat 
Actual  Credit 

1st  prize,  F.  H.  Van  Derpoel,  El  Centro,  Fern's  Sil- 
ver Ray,  J 668.54  668.54 

2nd     "       F.    H.    Van    Derpoel,    El    Centro,    Fern's 

Lowland  Lassie,  J 441.04  441.04 

9.  For  the  highest  average  production  of  butter  fat  by  five  cows  in  a  grade  herd, 

headed  by  a  pure-bred  sire,  during  each  calendar  month,  November,  1916, 
to  February,  1918,  inclusive. 
A  cash  prize  of  $25  a  month,  donated  by  the  Pacific  Eural  Press,  San  Francisco. 
Names  of  winners  given  on  p.  176. 

10.  For  the  highest  production  of  butter  fat  for  one  year  by  herds  belonging  to 

a  cow-testing  association. 

Three  prizes,  $100  each,  for  herds  of   (a)   10  to  25  cows,  (b)   26  to  50  cows, 

(c)   over  50  cows,  offered  by  the  California  Cultivator,  Los  Angeles. 

Ave.  lbs.        » 
butter  fat     - 

(a)  10  to  25  cows,  J.  W.  Coppini,  Ferndale,  22  cows 510.09 

(b)  26  to  50  cows,  Iver  Iversen,  Areata,  37  cows 498.73 

(c)  Over  50  cows,  W.  Terkelsen,  Ferndale,  53  cows 420.46 

11.  For  the  highest  production  of  butter  fat  bij  a  grade  cow  for  each  month  dur- 

ing 1917. 

A  cash  prize  of  $10  a  month,  offered  by  McAlister  &  Sons,  Chino.     Names  of 
winners  given  on  p.   175. 

12.  For  the  highest  average  production  of  butter  fat  by  ten   COWS  in  Q   registered 

pure-bred  herd,  covering  a  period  of  ten  months,  { 

Offered  by  C.  L.  Hughes,  Sacramento.  , 


CALIFORNIA    STATE    DAIRY    COW    COMPETITION  203 

Ave.  lbs.  butter  fat 
Actual  Credit 
One  prize,  $100.     A.  W.  Morris  &  Sons  Corp.,  Wood- 
land         588.75             671.86 

12a.  For  the   highest   average  production  of   butter  fat   during   ten   consecutive 
months  by  four  cows  in  a  Stanislaus  County  herd. 

Four  prizes  of  $40,  $30,  $20,  and  $10,  open  to  pure-breds   and  grade  cows, 

offered  by  Modesto  Creamery,  Modesto. 

Ave.  lbs.  butter  fat 
Actual  Credit 

1st  prize,  $40.     J.  M.  Bomberger,  Modesto 497.69  497.69 

2nd     "        30.     Guy   H.   Miller,   Modesto 464.47  464.67 

3rd     "         20.     J.  M.  Bomberger,  Modesto 364.54  420.37 

4th      "        10.     Guy  H.  Miller,  Modesto 372.19  411.38 

12b.  For  the  highest  average  production  of  butter  fat  by  a  herd  in  the  Ferndale 
Cow-Testing  Association  that  was  not  tested  prior  to  January  1,  1917. 

A  pure-bred  Jersey  bull  calf  out  of  a  Eegister  of  Merit  cow,  offered  by  J.  W. 

Coppini,  Ferndale,  California. 

Ave.  lbs. 
butter  fat 

S.  J.  Damon,  Ferndale 365.0 

D.     Trophies  and  Gold  Medals 

13.  For  the  highest  production  of  milk  during  ten  consecutive  months  by  a  cow 

irrespective  of  her  breeding. 

A  silver  trophy  donated  by  Scott,  Magner  &  Miller,  San  Francisco. 

Lbs.  milk 
A.   W.   Morris   &   Sons   Corp.,   Woodland,   Hartog   Creamelle 

De  Kol  24,201.7 

14.  For  the  highest  record  of  a  registered  Jersey  cow  and  by  ten  cows  in  a  grade 

herd  sired  by  a  registered  Jersey  bull. 

Two  cups,  offered  by  the  American  Jersey  Cattle  Club,  New  York  City. 

Ave.  lbs.  butter  fat 
Actual  Credit 

1st  prize,  University  of  California   (Interested  Jap's 

Santa)     703.37  759.64 

2nd     "      G.  E.  Trigg,  Ferndale 557.36  580.54 

15.  For  the  highest   records  by  a  registered  Guernsey  cow  and  by  ten  cows  in  a 

grade  herd,  sired  by  a  registered  Guernsey  bull. 

Two  trophies  offered  by  the  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club,  Peterboro. 

Ave.  lbs.  butter  fat 
Actual  Credit 
1st  prize,  W.   H.   Dupee,   Santee    (Jesebel   of   Edge- 
moor)    632.14             783.85 

2nd     "      Hollow-Hill   Farm,    Colton 478.34  494.35 

16.  For  the  highest  records  by  a  registered  Hoist ein  cow,  and  by  ten  cows  in  a 

grade  herd,  sired  by  a  registered  Holstein  bull. 

Two  silver  cups  offered  by  the  Holstein-Friesian  Assn.   of  America,  Brattle- 
boro. 

Ave.  lbs.  butter  fat 

Actual  Credit 
1st  prize,  A.    W.    Morris    &    Sons    Corp.,    Woodland 

(Miss  Valley  Mead  De  Kol  Walker)  ....       819.42  966.92 

2nd     "       F.  Stenzel,  San  Lorenzo 540.34  573.58 


204  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 

16a.  For  the  highest  record  by  a  registered  Ayrshire  cow. 

A  silver  trophy,  offered  by  Pacific  Eural  Press,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Ave.  lbs.  butter  fat 
Actual  Credit 

E.  B.  McFarland,  San  Mateo  (Willowmoor  Vesta  4th)       612.06  661.02 

17.  For  the  largest  production  of  butter  fat  during  ten  consecutive  months   by 

a  cow  bred  by  the  owner. 

A  gold  medal  awarded   by  the   College   of   Agriculture   of   the  University   of 

California.* 

Ave.  lbs.  butter  fat 
Actual  Credit 

A.  W.  Morris  &  Sons  Corp.,  Woodland   (Miss  Valley 

Mead  De  Kol  Walker)  819.42  966.92 

18.  For  the  largest  production   of   butter  fat   during  ten  consecutive  months  by 

five  cows  in  a  herd,  bred  by  the  owner. 

A  gold  medal   awarded   by  the   College   of  Agriculture   of   the  University   of 

California.* 

Ave.  lbs.  butter  fat 
Actual  Credit 

A.  W.  Morris  &  Sons  Corp.,  Woodland 791.85  851.52 


*  Cost  defrayed  from  donations  to  prize  fund  received  in  excess  of  cash  prizes 
offered  in  the  competition. 


